akt in A Sentence

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    Conversely, when Akt is not bound to PIP3, it remains inactive”.

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    Downstream to these ERK type MAP kinase and Akt are activated.

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    Understanding Akt's regulatory mechanisms is therefore essential for developing and improving cancer therapies.

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    When“floating” freely inside the cell, Akt is inactivated and unable to phosphorylate any targets.

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    Changes leading to the hyperactivation of the protein kinase Akt are observed in almost 50% of all human tumors.

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    As a next step, the researchers intend to dig deeper and answer more questions about Akt's activation on an atomic level.

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    Once activated, Akt in turn activates its targets inside the cell via the addition of a phosphate- a process called phosphorylation.

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    In our study, we have discovered that Akt is only active while bound to a small molecule on cell membranes called PIP3.

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    Additionally, they will address the question of how this newly discovered activation mechanism allows Akt to select its specific targets inside a cell.

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    Such unrestricted activity of Akt uncouples survival, growth and division of cells from growth factor signals, which can ultimately result in tumor formation”.

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    Strikingly, both mechanisms are compromised by a cancer mutation, which puts Akt into overdrive and makes it active throughout the cell independent of PIP3.

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    12

    To avoid hyperactivation, as observed in many cancer cells, the activity of Akt inside the cell needs to be tightly controlled and remain proportional to the external signals- similar to a car's gas pedal.

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    In addition to its proportional activation, Akt activity must also be locally confined, as an activated Akt phosphorylating targets indiscriminately would be detrimental to the cell's health- just as a car speeding off without the driver behind the wheel is likely to cause an accident.

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