Pangloss, it turns out,
has contracted a venereal disease, and is covered in scabs and coughing violently.
Upon seeing his old tutor in so reduced a state, Candide‘inquires into the cause and effect,
as well as into the sufficing reason that had reduced[Pangloss] to so miserable a condition'.
The novella is an attack on Leibniz's philosophy that the world is the best of all possible worlds,
as represented by Candide's old tutor Professor Pangloss, who stubbornly rationalizes a succession of tragic events
so that they are in keeping with Leibniz's optimism.