For example, in November 2007, Costas Panagopoulos sent letters about an upcoming election to everyone in three towns.
Will the Greeks betray the canons of the Orthodox Church for Tsipras and the US State Department,
asks Michael Panagopoulos?
In two towns- Monticello, Iowa and Holland, Michigan- Panagopoulos promised/threatened to publish a list of people who had voted in the newspaper.
These treatments were designed to induce pride and shame(Panagopoulos 2010) because these emotions had been found
to impact turnout in earlier studies(Gerber, Green, and Larimer 2008).
Returning to the case of Panagopoulos(2010), in this case,
having an outside researcher publish lists of voters or nonvoters in the newspaper seems likely to violate informational norms.
In fact, Panagopoulos did not follow through on his promise/threat because local
election officials traced the letters to him and persuaded him that it was not a good idea(Issenberg 2012, 307).
Thus, when you as a researcher are deciding whether to use data without permission it is helpful to ask,“Does this use violate
context-relative informational norms?” Returning to the case of Panagopoulos(2010), in this case,
having an outside researcher publish lists of voters or non-voters in the newspaper seems likely to violate informational norms.