Nero in A Sentence

    1

    A basic version of the program, called Nero Express, comes standard with many CD and DVD burners.

    2

    A colony with Latin rights was founded on Pontiae in 313 B.C. Nero, Germanicus's eldest son, and the sisters of Caligula, were confined upon it; while Pandateria was the place of banishment of Julia, daughter of Augustus, of her daughter Agrippina the elder, and of Octavia, the divorced wife of Nero.

    3

    A far more serious result of the death of Agrippina was the growing influence over Nero of Poppaea and her friends.

    4

    A fine fresco of Apollo playing a lyre - see picture - is thought to represent the young Nero.

    5

    A fresh impulse was given to letters on the accession of Nero, and this was partly due to the theatrical and artistic tastes of the young emperor.

    6

    A gallant detachment (Alpini and details of the Etna brigade), finding retreat impossible, held out for days on Monte Nero till the battle had gone far to the W., and all their food and ammunition were gone.

    7

    According to the different methods pursued, some have concluded that Nero was the sixth emperor, and thus dated the Apocalypse before A.D.

    8

    Adjoining the theatres is a large rectangular enclosure, surrounded by a portico, at first the colonnade connected with the theatres, and converted, about the time of Nero, into the barracks of the gladiators, who were permanently maintained in the city with a view to the shows in the amphitheatre.

    9

    Agrippina then tried to win over Nero's neglected wife Octavia, and to form a party of her own.

    10

    Agrippina's angry remonstrances served only to irritate Nero, and caresses equally failed.

    11

    Already in the time of Nero the magistrates had been ordered to receive the slave's complaint of ill-treatment; and the lex Petronia, belonging to the same or an earlier period, forbade masters to hand over their slaves to combats with wild beasts.

    12

    America's Philo Vance had the strange gentility of Wimsey while Nero Wolf sounded more predatory.

    13

    Among the five leading citizens concerned in the plot was Bernardo del Nero, a very aged man of lofty talents and position.

    14

    Ancient Romans also celebrated Juvenalia, or Juvenales Ludi, scenic games instituted by the Emperor Nero.

    15

    Ancren Riwle was edited for the Camden Society by the Rev. James Morton in 1843 from the Cotton MS. (Nero A xiv.).

    16

    Armenia was rescued and Corbulo proposed that Tiridates should become king of Armenia on condition of his receiving his crown as a gift from Nero.

    17

    As a boy he was a slave in the house of Epaphroditus, a freedman and courtier of the emperor Nero.

    18

    As soon as the hope of the living Nero could no longer be entertained, the way was prepared for this transformation of the myth.

    19

    Assisted by the influential freedman Pallas, she induced her uncle the emperor Claudius to marry her after the death of Messalina, and adopt the future Nero as heir to the throne in place of Britannicus.

    20

    At Bauli, Pompey and Hortensius possessed villas, the former on the hills, while that of the latter, on the shores of the Lacus Lucrinus, was remarkable for its tame lampreys and as the scene of the dialogue in the second book of Cicero's Academica Priora; it afterwards became imperial property and was the scene of Agrippina's murder by Nero.

    21

    At first he was treated with great consideration by Nero, probably owing to the influence of Seneca, and became consul in A.D.

    22

    At first, however, fortune seemed to favour Nero.

    23

    At Rhandea he laid down his diadem at the foot of the emperor's statue, promising not to resume it until he received it from the hand of Nero himself in Rome.

    24

    At the end of the reign of Nero, and perhaps even earlier, the king of the Axumites ruled over the Red Sea coast from Suakin to the strait of Bab-el-Mandeb, and traded constantly with Egypt.

    25

    At the end of the Republican period it became a resort of wealthy Romans, and the Julian and Claudian emperors frequently visited it; both Caligula and Nero were born there.

    26

    Behind is a range of hills, the most conspicuous of which, the Monte Nero, is crowned by a frequented pilgrimage church and also by villas and hotels, to which a funicular railway runs.

    27

    Being alarmed at the influence of the freedwoman Acte over Nero, she threatened to support the claims of the rightful heir Britannicus.

    28

    But (i.) Nero 2 is really September 56-September 57; (ii.) it is doubtful whether Eusebius had any authority to depend on here other than Josephus, who gives no precise year for Festus - Julius Africanus is, hardly probable, since we know that his chronicle was very jejune for the Christian period - and if so, Eusebius had to find a year as best he could.'

    29

    But as two years only of Felix's rule (52-54) fell under Claudius, this procedure would be quite natural on Josephus's part if his recall were dated in 58 or 59, so that four or five years fell under Nero.

    30

    But futhermore, since this new reckoning would exclude Nero, how could the eighth be said to be one of the seven, i.e.

    31

    But his friendship with Nero was brought to an abrupt close in 58, when Otho refused to divorce his beautiful wife Poppea Sabina at the bidding of Nero, who at once appointed him governor of the remote province of Lusitania.

    32

    But it seems more probable that the real author was Herennius Philo of Byblus, who was born during the reign of Nero and lived till the reign of Hadrian, and that the treatise in its present form is a revision prepared by a later Byzantine editor, whose name may have been Ammonius.

    33

    But Nero proceeded with the congenial work of repairing the damage.

    34

    But Seneca's fear lest Nero's sleeping passions should once be roused were fully verified, and he seems to have seen all along where the danger lay, namely in Agrippina's imperious temper and insatiable love of power.

    35

    But this is unlikely, notwithstanding the fact that even some pagan writers, such as Juvenal, Pliny and Martial (?), traced a resemblance between Domitian and Nero.

    36

    But this version of the idea of Antichrist, hostile to the Jews and better expressing the relation of Christianity to the Roman empire, was prevented from obtaining an absolute ascendancy in Christian tradition by the rise of the belief in the ultimate return of Nero, and by the absorption of this outcome of pagan superstition into the Jewish-Christian apocalyptic conceptions.

    37

    But Victorinus of Pettau, who wrote during the persecution under Diocletian, still knows the relation of the Apocalypse to the legend of Nero; and Commodian, whose Carmen Apologeticum was perhaps not written until the beginning of the 4th century, knows two Antichrist-figures, of which he still identifies the first with Nero redivivus.

    38

    By Claudius she was the mother of the unfortunate Britannicus, and of Octavia, wife of Nero.

    39

    By her first husband she was the mother of Marcus Marcellus (q.v.), who died in 23 B.C. (2) Octavia, daughter of the emperor Claudius, was the wife of Nero, by whom she was put to death.

    40

    By her first husband, Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, she was the mother of the emperor Nero; her second husband was Passienus Crispus, whom she was accused of poisoning.

    41

    Calpurnius Siculus, written at the beginning of the reign of Nero, which are not without grace and facility of diction.

    42

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    43

    Christian persecution under Nero was an imperial caprice.

    44

    Claudius restored the royal titles to the family; but, after the death of its last member, Nero made the district into a province, and the town into a municipium.

    45

    Commander Nero states the spiky, spiny massive ship he runs once was a mining ship, not intended for war.

    46

    Conspicuous among them was Paetus Thrasea, whose unbending virtue had long made him distasteful to Nero, and who was now suspected, possibly with reason, of sympathy with the conspirators.

    47

    Cornelius Sulla for the payment of his soldiers; Nero removed no fewer than 500 bronze statues from the sacred precincts; Constantine the Great enriched his new city by the sacred tripod and its support of intertwined snakes dedicated by the Greek cities after the battle of Plataea.

    48

    Delighted with this tribute to his greatness, Nero for a moment dreamt of rivalling Alexander.

    49

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    50

    Dioscorides, a Greek writer, who appears to have flourished about the time of Nero, issued a work on Materia Medica.

    51

    During the first few months of Nero's reign the chances of such an emancipation seemed remote, for he treated his mother with elaborate respect and consulted her on all affairs of state.

    52

    During the reign of Nero he was resident in Rome and a member of the senate, from which he was expelled for forgery in connexion with a will and was banished from the city.

    53

    Early in 65 Nero was panic-stricken by the discovery of a formidable conspiracy involving such men as Faenius Rufus, Tigellinus's colleague in the prefecture of the praetorian guards, Plautius Lateranus, one of the consuls elect, the poet Lucan, and, lastly, not a few of the tribunes and centurions of the praetorian guard itself.

    54

    Even Gunkel is obliged to abandon his favourite theory here, though he contests strongly the recognition of any allusion to Nero.

    55

    Even in the middle ages, Nero was still the very incarnation of splendid iniquity, while the belief lingered obstinately that he had only disappeared for a time, and as late as the 11th century his restless spirit was supposed to haunt the slopes of the Pincian Hill.

    56

    Expeditions were talked of to the Caspian Sea and Ethiopia, but Nero was no soldier and quickly turned to a more congenial field.

    57

    Felix must therefore have been tried at the very beginning of Nero's reign.

    58

    For it is certain that the latter at any rate were not animated by loyalty to Nero.

    59

    Four continental scholars, Fritzsche, Benary, Hitzig and Reuss, independently recognized that Nero was referred to under the mystical number 666.

    60

    Gallio was the brother of Seneca, a Greek stoic philosopher who later became an adviser to the emperor Nero.

    61

    He accepted,or appeared to accept, the cognomen of Nero conferred upon him by the shouts of the populace, whom his comparative youth and the effeminacy of his appearance reminded of their lost favourite.

    62

    He accordingly retired into the solitudes of Pietralata, and subsequently founded with some companions under a rule of his own creation the abbey of San Giovanni in Fiore, on Monte Nero, in the massif of La Sila.

    63

    He appears first as one of the most reckless and extravagant of the young nobles who surrounded Nero.

    64

    He even contemplated cutting a canal through the Isthmus of Corinth, but was afraid to carry out his plan because the same thing had been unsuccessfully attempted before by the emperor Nero.

    65

    He fell under the ban of Nero owing to his ethical teachings, and was exiled to the island of Gyarus on a trumped-up charge of participation in Piso's conspiracy.

    66

    He had by his will divided his private wealth between his two daughters and Nero, trusting thereby to win imperial favour for his family.

    67

    He had nine children, six of whom, three sons and three daughters, survived him, amongst them the future emperor Gaius and the notorious Agrippina, the mother of Nero.

    68

    He sees in the coming again of Nero, whose figure he endows with 1 See Bousset, Kommentar zur Offenbarung Johannis, on these passages.

    69

    He survived his brother Seneca, but was subsequently put to death by order of Nero (in 65) or committed suicide.

    70

    He was the first in extant literature to interpret certain passages in Revelation of Nero.

    71

    He went to the mountainous districts of the Abruzzi, and at last came to the ruins of Nero's palace and the artificial lake at Subiaco, 40 m.

    72

    He went with Nero's suite to Greece, and in 66 was appointed to conduct the war in Judaea, which was threatening general commotion throughout the East, owing to a widely spread notion in those parts that from Judaea were to come the future rulers of the world.

    73

    Her first object was the final ruin of Agrippina, and by rousing Nero's jealousy and fear she induced him to seek her death, with the aid of a freedman Anicetus, praefect of the fleet of Misenum.

    74

    Her worship appears to have been promoted in Rome chiefly by the family of the Claudii, whose Sabine origin, together with their use of the name of "Nero," has suggested an identification of Bellona with the Sabine war goddess Nerio, herself identified, like Bellona, with Virtus.

    75

    High-born, wealthy and accomplished, she was resolved to be Nero's wife, and set herself to remove the obstacles which stood in her way.

    76

    His Dialogues philosophiques, written in 1871, his Ecclesiastes (1882) and his Antichrist (1876) (the fourth volume of the Origins of Christianity, dealing with the reign of Nero) are incomparable in their literary genius, but they are examples of a disenchanted and sceptical temper.

    77

    His father died when Nero was scarcely three years old.

    78

    His son was married to Antonia, daughter of Antony, and became the grandfather of the emperor Nero.

    79

    His work, which probably began with the civil wars or the death of Caesar, was continued by the elder Pliny, who, as he himself tells us, carried it down at least as far as the end of Nero's reign.

    80

    I think it was an Agatha Christie or maybe Nero Wolfe.

    81

    I'm strictly a stay-at-home couch detective, behind the scenes, back-room guy, like Father Brown or Nero Wolfe.

    82

    If we may believe report, Nero found time in the intervals of his artistic triumphs for more vicious excesses.

    83

    In 55, however, Seneca found a powerful ally in Nero's passion for the beautiful freedwoman Acte, a passion which he deliberately encouraged.

    84

    In 58, however, fresh cause for anxiety appeared, when Nero was enslaved by Poppaea Sabina, a woman of a very different stamp from her predecessor.

    85

    In 59 Thrasea first openly showed his disgust at the behaviour of Nero and the obsequiousness of the senate by retiring without voting after the emperor's letter justifying the murder of Agrippina had been read.

    86

    In 67 disturbances broke out in Judaea, but Nero, jealous of Corbulo's success and popularity, ordered Vespasian to take command of the forces and summoned Corbulo to Greece.

    87

    In 67 he accompanied Nero on his tour in Greece.

    88

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    89

    In proportion as the figure of Nero again ceased to dominate the imagination of the faithful, the wholly unhistorical, unpolitical and anti-Jewish conception of Antichrist, which based itself more especially on 2 Thess.

    90

    In revenge for his own imprisonment, and the death of his brother by order of Nero, he took advantage of the disorder in the empire not only to stir up his fellow-countrymen to take up arms for independence, but to persuade a large number of German and Belgic tribes to join forces with them.

    91

    In the fifth Sibylline book, which, with the exception of verses 1-51, was mainly composed by a Jewish writer at the close of the first century, the return of Nero plays a great part.

    92

    In the previous year (39) his mother had been banished by order of her brother Caligula (Gains) on a charge of treasonable conspiracy, and Nero, thus early deprived of both parents, found shelter in the house of his aunt Domitia, where two slaves, a barber and a dancer, began his training.

    93

    In the spring of 67 Vespasian, who had been appointed by Nero to crush the rebellion, advanced from his winter quarters at Antioch.

    94

    In this manner he gained the favour of Nero, whom he aided and abetted in his vices and cr"elties.

    95

    It cannot be doubted that the Roman house - from which three doors gave access to the Altis - was that occupied by Nero when he visited Olympia.

    96

    It is known that soon after the death of Nero rumours were current that he was not dead.

    97

    It is probable that he was banished to Corsica with his brother, and that both returned together to Rome when Agrippina selected Seneca to be tutor to Nero.

    98

    It is said that at least Bernardo del Nero would have been spared had Savonarola raised his voice, but, although refraining from any active part against the prisoners, the prior would not ask mercy for them.

    99

    It is true that he finds the most typical examples of lust, cruelty, levity and weakness in the emperors and their wives - in Domitian, Otho, Nero, Claudius and Messalina.

    100

    It is very probable that Vindex had other aims in view than the deposition of Nero and the substitution of a fresh emperor in his place, and that the liberation of northern Gaul from Roman rule was part of his plan.'

    101

    It was carried off to Rome by Caligula, restored by Claudius, and again carried off by Nero.

    102

    It was said that he was accused of treason both by Nero and by Domitian, but escaped by miraculous means.

    103

    It was the favourite residence of many of the emperors; Nero made his first appearance on the stage in one of its theatres; Titus assumed the office of its archon; and Hadrian became its demarch.

    104

    Judicious flattery secured him the consulship under Caligula (39); and under Nero he was superintendent of the water supply.

    105

    Julius Caesar was the first who used the title continuously (from 58 B.C. to his death in 44 B.C.), as well domi as militiae; and his nephew Augustus took a further step when he made the term imperator a praenomen, a practice which after the time of Nero becomes regular.

    106

    Later Jewish and Christian writers of Apocalypses saw in Nero the tyrant of the end of time.

    107

    Later, the figure of Nero redivivus became, more especially in Christian thought, entirely confused with that of Antichrist.

    108

    Lugudunum controlled the trade of its two rivers, and that which passed from northern Gaul to the Mediterranean or vice versa; it had a mint; it was the capital of all northern Gaul, despite its position in the south, and its wealth was such that, when Rome was burnt in Nero's reign, its inhabitants subscribed largely to the relief of the Eternal City.

    109

    Making friends with Alityrus, a Jewish actor, who was a favourite of Nero, Josephus obtained an introduction to the empress Poppaea and effected his purpose by her help. His visit to Rome enabled him to speak from personal experience of the power of the Empire, when he expostulated with the revolutionary Jews on his return to Palestine.

    110

    May Nero rest from all the torments of the damned, that they may seize on Stilicho; for Nero smote his own mother, but Stilicho the mother of the world!

    111

    Meanwhile the general dissatisfaction was coming to a head, as we may infer from the urgency with which the imperial freedman Helius insisted upon Nero's return to Italy.

    112

    Meanwhile, Nero had reluctantly left Greece, but returned to Italy only to renew his revels.

    113

    Nero admitted the old inhabitants to the privileges of the colony, thus uniting in one the two previously distinct communities.

    114

    Nero built a huge villa probably on the site now occupied by the castle.

    115

    Nero died on the 9th of June 68, in the thirty-first year of his age and the fourteenth of his reign, and his remains were deposited by the faithful hands of Acte in the family tomb of the Domitii on the Pincian Hill.

    116

    Nero himself was put prominently forward.

    117

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    118

    Nero is here the beast.

    119

    Nero retaliated by poisoning Britannicus.

    120

    Nero showed his displeasure by refusing to receive Thrasea when the senate went in a body to offer its congratulations on the birth of a princess.

    121

    Nero thereupon murdered the young prince and decided to get rid of his mother.

    122

    Nero was a cruel tyranny who would torture his subjects by playing the fiddle to them.

    123

    Nero was horrorstruck at the enormity of the crime and terrified at its possible consequences.

    124

    Nero was now a demonic monster from the abyss, and the ten kings no longer Parthians but ghostly helpers of Nero.

    125

    Nero, Roman Emperor, used emerald lenses that he claimed helped him to watch the gladiator games.

    126

    Nero's horse took fright at the smell of a dead body lying by the roadside, which made him expose his face.

    127

    Nero's promises of constitutional moderation were amply fulfilled, and the senate found itself free to discuss and even to decide important administrative questions.

    128

    Nero's scheme for the construction of a canal from Lake Avernus to Ostia would have restored the balance in its favour (though it certainly could not have been continuous all the way to Rome with the means of engineering then available).

    129

    Nero's statues were again set up, his freedmen and household officers reinstalled, and the intended completion of the Golden House announced.

    130

    New Medici plots having been discovered, Bernardo del Nero and other prominent citizens were tried and put to death; but the party hostile to Savonarola gained ground and had the support of the Franciscans, who were hostile to the Dominican order.

    131

    Not even by the Roman authorities were some of Nero's acts regarded as precedents.

    132

    Notwithstanding, on various critical grounds, Baur, Hilgenfeld, Lightfoot, Westcott, Hort and Beyschlag assigned the book to the reign of Nero, or to the years immediately following his death, while Weiss, Dusterdieck and AfIommsen assign it to the time of Vespasian.

    133

    Of the later stage, when the myth of Nero redivivus was fused with that of the Antichrist, we have attestation in xvii.

    134

    On his arrival at Cenchreae, the port of Corinth, messengers from Nero met Corbulo, and ordered him to commit suicide.

    135

    On returning to Rome, Felix was accused of having taken advantage of a dispute between the Jews and Syrians of Caesarea to slay and plunder the inhabitants, but through the intercession of his brother, the freedman Pallas, who had great influence with the emperor Nero, he escaped unpunished.

    136

    On the 13th of October 54 Claudius died, poisoned, as all our authorities declare, by her orders, and Nero was presented to the soldiers on guard as their new sovereign.

    137

    On the 15th of December 51 Nero completed his fourteenth year, and Agrippina, in view of Claudius's failing health, determined to delay no longer his adoption of the toga virilis.

    138

    Otho had owed his success, not only to the resentment felt by the praetorian guards at Galba's well-meant attempts to curtail their privileges in the interests of discipline, but also largely to the attachment felt in Rome for the memory of Nero; and his first acts as emperor showed that he was not unmindful of the fact.

    139

    Peter died there, in 64, without doubt, among the Christians whom Nero had put to death as guilty of the burning of Rome.

    140

    Philip of Macedon and Nero are, as we shall see, among those whose names have a record in the Altis.

    141

    Reference is there made to Philostratus as the son of Verus, a rhetorician in Nero's time, who wrote tragedies, comedies and treatises.

    142

    Resentment at the treatment he had received from Nero may have impelled him to this course, but to this motive was added before long that of personal ambition.

    143

    Robert Hamerling even identifies Nero with the Wandering Jew.

    144

    Roman literature, faithfully reflecting the sentiments of the aristocratic salons of the capital, while it almost canonized those who had been his victims, fully avenged their wrongs by painting Nero as a monster of wickedness.

    145

    Seneca had seen from the first that the real danger with Nero lay in the savage vehemence of his passions, and he made it his chief aim to stave off by every means in his power the dreaded outbreak.

    146

    She was formally married to Nero; her head appeared on the coins side by side with his; and her statues were erected in the public places of Rome.

    147

    So Vespasian obtained possession of Palestine - the country which Nero had given him - and for a time it was purged of revolutionaries.

    148

    Some scholars are of opinion that this writer identified Domitian with the eighth emperor, the Nero redivivus, the beast from the abyss.

    149

    Soon after the accession of Nero, Vologaeses (Vologasus), king of Parthia, overran Armenia, drove out Rhadamistus, who was under the protection of the Romans, and set his own brother Tiridates on the throne.

    150

    Soranus was accused of intimacy with Rubellius Plautus (another object of Nero's hatred), and of endeavouring to obtain the goodwill of the provincials by treasonable intrigues.

    151

    Stoic philosopher who later became an adviser to the emperor Nero.

    152

    Such an expectation of persecution is inexplicable from Nero's time.

    153

    Suetonius, in his Life of Nero, refers to a Cynic philosopher named Isidore, who is said to have jested publicly at the expense of Nero.

    154

    Tacitus, besides being a man of immense wealth (which he bequeathed to the state), Dill, Roman Society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius, Bk.

    155

    That of Nero cannot be certainly identified, but is generally placed at the so-called Arco Muto, where remains of a theatre (discovered in 1712 and covered up again) also exist.

    156

    The ` streets of Rome were sprinkled with saffron when Nero made his entry into the city.

    157

    The appearance of Antichrist, identified with Nero and the Man from the East, is expected at an early date.

    158

    The body of the temple is of Ptolemy XIII., and was carved as late as the XVIth (Caesarion), and the great portico was in building from Augustus to Nero.

    159

    The conflagration is said by all authorities later than Tacitus to have been deliberately caused by Nero himself.'

    160

    The death of Drusus was followed some years later by those of Agrippina (the wife of Germanicus) and her sons Drusus and Nero.

    161

    The death of Paul by the sentence of Nero at Rome forms the close of the Acts of Paul.

    162

    The earliest direct witness is Tertullian, who definitely states that Peter suffered under Nero by crucifixion.

    163

    The earliest form is not attested here, that Nero had not really been slain, but would speedily return and destroy his enemies.

    164

    The emperor Claudius recalled Agrippina, who spent the next thirteen years in the determined struggle to win for Nero the throne which had been predicted for him.

    165

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    166

    The harbour was named by Nero, Portus Augusti.

    167

    The haunting fear of conspiracy was skilfully used by them to direct Nero's suspicions against possible opponents.

    168

    The late origin of these representations was established by the detection upon them of the cartouches of Tiberius and Nero.

    169

    The law under which the slaves of Pedanius were put to death, probably introduced under Augustus and more fully enacted under Nero, is sufficient proof of this anxiety, which indeed is strongly stated by Tacitus in his narrative of the facts.

    170

    The less it became possible, as time went on, to believe that Nero yet lived and would return as a living ruler, the greater was the tendency for his figure to develop into one wholly infernal and daemonic. The relation to the Parthians is also gradually lost sight of; and from being the adversary of Rome, Nero becomes the adversary of God and of Christ.

    171

    The living Nero was no longer expected to return from the East, but Nero was to be restored to life from the abyss by the dragon, i.e.

    172

    The motives alike of geographical convenience and of the advantages to be gained by recognizing these movements of Roman subjects combined to urge a forward policy at Rome, and when the vigorous Vespasian had succeeded the fool-criminal Nero, a series of advances began which gradually closed up the acute angle, or at least rendered it obtuse.

    173

    The MS. of this work, written in Phoenician characters, was said to have been found in his tomb (enclosed in a leaden box) at the time of an earthquake during the reign of Nero, by whose order it was translated into Greek.

    174

    The name Germanicus, the only one by which he is known in history, he inherited from his father, Nero Claudius Drusus, the famous general, brother of Tiberius and stepson of Augustus.

    175

    The new emperor received the tidings of his rival's defeat and death at Alexandria, whence he at once forwarded supplies of corn to Rome, which were urgently needed, along with an edict or a declaration of policy, in which he gave assurance of an entire reversal of the laws of Nero, especially those relating to treason.

    176

    The occasion was celebrated in a manner which seemed to place Nero's prospects of succession beyond doubt.

    177

    The old catchword, " autonomy of the Hellens," was still heard and indeed was solemnly proclaimed by Nero at the Isthmian games of A.D.

    178

    The old man was dressed in jeans and a western shirt complete with a string tie, turquoise clasp and a Nero Wolfe paperback in his back pocket.

    179

    The oldest stage-building was erected in the time of Lycurgus; it consisted of a rectangular hall with square projections (1rapauKs vca) on either side; in As= front of this was built in late Greek or early Roman times a stage with a row of columns which intruded upon the orchestra space; a later and larger stage, dating from the time of Nero, advanced still farther into the orchestra, and this was finally faced (probably in the 3rd century A.D.) by the " bema " of Phaedrus, a platform-wall decorated with earlier reliefs, the slabs of which were cut down to suit their new position.

    180

    The petitions addressed to the senate by the town of Bononia and by the communities of Rhodes and Ilium were gracefully supported by him in Latin and Greek speeches, and during Claudius's absence in 52 at the Latin festival it was Nero who, as praefect of the city, administered justice in the forum.

    181

    The plan to murder Nero was frustrated by a freedman Milichus, who, in the hope of a large reward, disclosed the whole plot.

    182

    The prescription was improved by Damocrates and Andromachus, body physicians to Nero.

    183

    The quarrel was therefore referred to the emperor Nero, who finally gave his decision in favour of the Syrians or Greeks.

    184

    The Roman populace already looked with favour on Nero, as the grandson of Germanicus, but in 50 his claims obtained formal recognition from Claudius himself, who adopted him under the title of Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus.2 Agrippina's next step was to provide a suitable training for her son.

    185

    The Roman prince Nero Claudius Drusus (q.v.) The gamin the year 12 B.C. annexed what is now the kingdom paigns oi of the Netherlands, and constructed a canal (Fossa other Drusiana) between the Rhine and the lake Flevo Ro1fl811 (Lacus Flevus), which partly corresponded to the ea CIS.

    186

    The Romans also used lead as an alloy in their bronze coins, but gradually reduced the quantity, and under Caligula, Nero, Vespasian and Domitian, coined pure copper coins; afterwards they reverted to the mixture of lead.

    187

    The second stage of this legend was that Nero had taken refuge in the Far East, and would return with the help of his Eastern subjects for the overthrow of Rome.

    188

    The simplicity of his life and his adherence to Stoic principles were looked upon as a reproach to the frivolity and debaucheries of Nero, who "at last yearned to put Virtue itself to death in the persons of Thrasea and Soranus" (Tacitus).

    189

    The south side, running nearly due east and west, is about equally long, if measured from the end of the west wall to the point which the east wall would touch when produced due south in a straight line from the place at which it was demolished to make way for " Nero's house."

    190

    The spectacle presented by Nero's visit was unique.

    191

    The success of Seneca's own management of Nero largely depended on his being able gradually to emancipate the emperor from his mother's control.

    192

    The third satire, imitated by Samuel Johnson in his London, presents such a picture as Rome may have offered to the satirist at any time in the 1st century of our era; but it was under the worst emperors, Nero and Domitian, that the arts of flatterers and foreign adventurers were most successful, and that such scenes of violence as that described at 2 77 seq.

    193

    The upright and considerate manner in which he treated the provincials won him their affection, but at the same time brought upon him the hatred of Nero, who felt specially aggrieved because Soranus had refused to punish a city which had defended the statues of its gods against the Imperial commissioners.

    194

    The work had been planned under the rule of Nero.

    195

    The wresting of Tours from Austrasia and the seizure of ecclesiastical property provoked the bitter hatred of Gregory of Tours, by whom Chilperic was stigmatized as the Nero and the Herod of his time.

    196

    The writer views Paul's death (like the horrors of Nero's Vatican Gardens in 64) as a mere exception to the rule of Roman policy heretofore illustrated.

    197

    Their chosen leader, whom they destined to succeed Nero, was C. Calpurnius Piso, a handsome, wealthy and popular noble, and a boon companion of Nero himself.

    198

    Their place was filled by Poppaea, and the infamous Tigellinus, whose sympathy with Nero's sensual tastes had gained him the command of the praetorian guards in succession to Burrus.

    199

    There are references to the legendary escape of Nero to Parthia (119-124) and the destruction of Jerusalem in A.D.

    200

    There is, however, no doubt that this great disaster told against Nero in the popular mind.

    201

    There was, however, an amphitheatre in the reign of Nero, who himself fought in games given there, and the glass cup of Odemira shows two.

    202

    These Acts, which Ficker holds were written as a continuation and completion of the canonical Acts of the Apostles, deal with Peter's victorious conflict with Simon Magus, and his subsequent martyrdom at Rome under Nero.

    203

    These phenomena belong to a period considerably later than the time of Nero.

    204

    They still believe, as John did, in the return of Nero as the Antichrist; they still expect that after the first resurrection Christ will reign with his saints "in the flesh" for a thousand years.

    205

    This expectation led to the appearance of several pretenders who posed as Nero; and as late as A.D.

    206

    This idea of Nero's return was in the first instance taken up by the Jewish apocalyptic writers.

    207

    This is the version of the expectation of Nero's second coming preserved in the form given to the prophecy, under Domitian, by the collaborator in' the Apocalypse of John (xiii., xvii.).

    208

    This is unquestionably the meaning of the statement of Pamphila (temp. Nero), ap. Diog.

    209

    This points, we may here assume, to the Nero redivivus legend, which could not have arisen for a full generation after Nero's death, and the assumption receives large confirmation from the most probable interpretation of the enigmatical words, xiii.

    210

    Though the crimes of Nero and the catastrophes which resulted from his downfall, provoked the troubles of the year A.D.

    211

    Though they defeated Vindex and his Celtic levies at Vesontio (Besancon), their next step was to break the statues of Nero and offer the imperial purple to their own commander Virginius Rufus.

    212

    Thus Alexander of Aegae, the teacher of Nero, commented on the Categories and the De caelo.

    213

    Thus he refuses to recognize Nero in the beast and its number.

    214

    Thus the point that Josephus catalogues the events of Felix's procuratorship under Nero cannot be pressed to bring down Felix's tenure as far as 60 or 61, but it does seem to exclude as early a termination as 56, or even 57.

    215

    Thus the satires were published at different intervals, and for the most part composed between loo and 130, but the most powerful in feeling and vivid in conception among them deal with the experience and impressions of the reign of Domitian, occasionally recall the memories or traditions of the times of Nero and Claudius, and reproduce at least one startling page from the annals of Tiberius.

    216

    Thus, Varro (De rustici) mentions a map of Italy engraved on marble, in the temple of Tellus, Pliny, a map of the seat of war in Armenia, of the time of the emperor Nero, and the more famous map of the Roman Empire which was ordered to be prepared for Julius Caesar (44 B.C.), but only completed in the reign of Augustus, who placed a copy of it, engraved in marble, in the Porticus of his sister Octavia (7 B.C.).

    217

    Till 48, the date of his mother's execution, he was looked upon as the heir presumptive; but Agrippina, the new wife of Claudius, soon persuaded the feeble emperor to adopt Lucius Domitius, known later as Nero, her son by a previous marriage.

    218

    Tiridates agreed to accept the crown of Armenia from the hands of Nero.

    219

    Titus drove into exile or reduced to slavery those who had served Nero, of ter they had first been flogged in the amphitheatre.

    220

    Two of her sons, Nero and Drusus, had already fallen victims to the machinations of Sejanus.

    221

    Under Nero he lived mainly in Rome.

    222

    Under Nero he regained the imperial favour.

    223

    Under Tiberius, at the death of Caligula, and in the reign of Nero there were threatening movements of the slaves.

    224

    Verse II, with the exception of the words" which was and is not,"leads to the identification of the eighth with Nero redivivus.

    225

    When Felix was recalled by Nero in 60 the nation was divided against itself, the Gentiles within its gates were watching for their opportunity, and the chief priests robbed the lower priests with a high hand.

    226

    When finally the palace guards forsook their posts, Nero despairingly stole out of Rome to seek shelter in a freedman's villa some four miles off.

    227

    When he had isolated the capital and was preparing to besiege it, the news of Nero's death reached him at Caesarea.

    228

    When he was condemned to death by Nero, she would have imitated her mother's example, but was dissuaded by her husband, who entreated her to live for the sake of their children.

    229

    When in 68 his neighbour Galba, the governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, rose in revolt against Nero, Otho accompanied him to Rome.

    230

    Whether he had really given any grounds for suspicion is unknown; but there is no doubt, so great was his popularity with the soldiers and such the hatred felt for Nero, that he could easily have seized the throne.

    231

    Whether Simon of Gitta ever exhibited his skill in Rome we have no means of determining, but at all events the compound Simon, resulting from the fusion of him with his predecessor, is brought to Rome by popular legend, and represented as enjoying great influence with Nero.

    232

    With regard to the region north of the Rhine we first obtain information from the accounts of the campaigns of Nero, Claudius, Drusus and Tiberius.

    233

    With the school of Auberlen and Benson it will find in the Apocalypse a Christian philosophy of history; with the ` continuous-historical ' school it can see 2 The Jesuit Juan Mariana was the first after Victorinus to explain" the wounded head "as referring to Nero.

    234

    Without MP3 files, users cannot burn a CD in Nero.

    235

    Written evidence of the use of lenses to alter vision dates back to the first century A.D., in which a tutor of Emperor Nero documented the use of glass and water to magnify writing.

    236

    You probably won't find any Nero underpants in Primark (or anywhere else ), either.

    237

    You probably won't find any Nero underpants in Primark (or anywhere else), either.