He had nothing, no castles or gold like his brothers.
Early in 1067 he made a progress through parts of the south, receiving submissions, disposing of the lands of those who had fought against him, and ordering castles to be built; he then crossed the Channel to celebrate his triumph in Normandy.
Joining forces, the Danes and English captured York, although it was defended by two Norman castles.
He likewise added to his power by assuming the captainship of the city guard (1495), and later by the purchase from the impoverished commune of several outlying castles (1507).
By this treaty Marie was given liberty to live wherever she wished, and the government of Anjou and of Normandy with several castles was entrusted to her.
The suppression of the independence of the feudal aristocracy was inaugurated in 1626 by an edict calling for the destruction of all fortified castles not needed for defence against invasion.
In the south of Arabia, where an advanced civilization existed for centuries before the Christian era, the ruins of castles and city-walls are still in existence, and have been mentioned, though not examined carefully, by several travellers.
Great castles are often mentioned in early Arabian literature.
The defeat of the Germans at Helsingborg only called into being the stronger town and territorial alliance of 1367, known as the Cologne Confederation, and its final victory, with the peace of Stralsund in 1370, which gave for a limited period the four chief castles on the Sound into the hands of the Hanseatic towns, greatly enhanced the prestige of the League.
Hence, between hills crowned by frequent feudal castles, it runs by Wimpfen and by Hornberg, where Gdtz von Berlichingen lived, to Eberbach, where it enters the sandstone formation of the Odenwald.
During the first year of Henry's reign Hotspur further was appointed justiciar of North Wales and constable of the castles of Chester, Flint, Conway, Denbigh and Carnarvon.
At the height of his country's disasters he sought to confirm his own power by making terms with the Florentines, by yielding certain castles to Lucca, and by neglecting to conclude negotiations with the Genoese for the release of the prisoners, lest these should all prove more or less hostile to himself.
Even in the field of architectural decoration for interiors, tradition tells us scarcely anything about the masters who carved such magnificent works as those seen in the KiOto temples, the Tokugawa mausolea, and some of the old castles.
Thus when, at the close of the 16th century, the Taiko inaugurated the fashion of lavishing all the resources of applied art on the interior decoration of castles and temples, the services of the lacquerer were employed to an extent hitherto unknown, and there resulted some magnificent work on friezes, coffered ceilings, door panels, altar-pieces and cenotaphs.
Soon after the Norman invasion it became of the first importance as a port, a fact attested by the remains of no fewer than five castles in close proximity, which give the town a picturesque aspect.
Near the town are the ruins of three famous castles, Ulrichsburg, Girsberg and Hohrappoltstein, which formerly belonged to the lords of Rappoltstein._ See Bernhard, Recherches sur l'histoire de la vine de Rappoltsweiler (Colmar, 1888); and Kube, Rappoltsweiler, das Carolabad and Umgebung (Strassburg, 1905).
The valleys have for the most part been deeply excavated by mountain streams; the apparently inaccessible heights are crowned by numerous villages, castles or cloisters embosomed among trees.
By his orders castles were built at the mouth of the Don and on the bank of the Dnieper, outworks against the ever-aggressive Tatars, as well as on either shore of the Dardanelles.
Thomas II., after capturing several cities and castles in Piedmont, lost them again and was made prisoner by the citizens of Turin, but was afterwards liberated.
Berkeley Castle, on an eminence south-east of the town, is one of the noblest baronial castles existing in England, and one of the few inhabited.
Beyond the guards for the defence of the various castles, there is nothing like a standing army.
The possessions of the Spaniards in Peru were now confined to the castles of Callao, which Rodil maintained for upwards of a year, in spite of all the means that could be employed for their reduction.
Beyond these ranges the country is further diversified by isolated hills rising abruptly from a common level, and presenting from their steep and nearly inaccessible scarps eligible sites for castles and strongholds, whence the mountaineers of Bundelkhand have frequently set at defiance the most powerful of the native states of India.
Hundreds of castles and monasteries were destroyed by the frantic peasantry, and some of the nobles were murdered with shocking cruelty.
It was at one time a favourite residence of the Frisian nobility, many of whom had their castles here, and it possessed a celebrated university, founded by the Frisian estates in 1585.
It was one of the four castles that had to be maintained by the Articles of Union, but when its uselessness for defensive purposes became apparent, it was converted into an ammunition depot.
In the neighbourhood are the ruins of the castles of Merenberg and Freienfels.
Its valley, down to Merseburg, is picturesque, and even romantic, because of the many castles which crown the enclosing heights.
The chief events connected with the county under the Norman kings were the capture of Rochester by William Rufus during the rebellion of Odo of Bayeux; the capture of Dover and Leeds castles by Stephen; the murder of Thomas a Becket at Canterbury in 1170; the submission of John to the pope's legate at Dover in 21 3, and the capture of Rochester Castle by the king in the same year.
The castles of Rochester and Dover are famous; those of Canterbury and Chilham are notable among others.
Near the Giant's Causeway are the ruins of the castles of Dunseverick and Dunluce, situated high above the sea on isolated crags, and the swinging bridge of Carrick-a-Rede, spanning a chasm 80 ft.
The " zodiac of labours " was replaced in French castles and hotels by a " zodiac of pleasures," in which hunting, hawking, fishing and dancing were substituted for hoeing, planting, reaping and ploughing.8 It is curious to find the same sequence of symbols employed for the same decorative purposes in India as in Europe.
In return for his aid against Bohemund and his rebels the duke surrendered to his uncle in 1085 his share in the castles of Calabria, and in 10 9 1 the half of Palermo.
First Valdemar aimed at the recovery of Zealand, which was actually partitioned among a score of Holstein mortgagees who ruled their portions despotically from their strong castles, and sucked the people dry.
With the papal see, since his visit to Avignon in 1364, he had been on the best of terms. His ecclesiastic patronage was immense, and throughout the land he had planted strong castles surely held by the royal bailiffs.
Near it is the goats' whey cure establishment of Heinrichsbad, and the two castles of Rosenberg and Rosenburg, ruined in 1403 when the land rose against its lord, the abbot of St Gall.
The castles of these great lords were the foci of the social and political life of their respective provinces.
This would make the Round Table analogous to the turning castles which we frequently meet with in romances; and while explaining the peculiarities of Layamon's text, would make it additionally probable that he was dealing with an earlier tradition of folklore character, a tradition which was probably also familiar to Wace, whose version, though much more condensed than Layamon's, is yet in substantial harmony with this latter.
Already in 1201 he was chamberlain to King John, the sheriff of three shires, the constable of Dover and Windsor castles, the warden of the Cinque Ports and of the Welsh Marches.
Other opponents were weakened by the audacious stroke of 1223, when the justiciar suddenly announced the resumption of all the castles, sheriffdoms and other grants which had been made since the king's accession.
The conquerors, who were few in number, formed a small military aristocracy, living not in the towns, but in fortified villages, where the chiefs in their castles kept up a barbaric state, surrounded by their tribesmen.
After some years of desultory fighting de Courci established his power over that part of Ulster comprised in the modern counties of Antrim and Down, throughout which he built a number of castles, where his vassals, known as "the barons of Ulster," held sway over the native tribes.
It was enriched by Charles the Bald with two castles, and a Benedictine abbey dedicated to Saint Corneille, the monks of which retained down to the 18th century the privilege of acting for three days as lords of Compiegne, with full power to release prisoners, condemn the guilty, and even inflict sentence of death.
Later, when this plan had fallen through, he was endowed with castles, revenues and lands on both sides of the channel; the vacant earldom of Cornwall was reserved for him (1175); he was betrothed to Isabella the heiress of the earldom of Gloucester (1176); and he was granted the lordship of Ireland with the homage of the Anglo-Irish baronage (1177).
Not far from Turin are also the castles of Moncalieri, Stupinigi, Rivoli, Racconigi, Agle, Venaria, and the ancient monastery of the Sagra di San Michele (753 metres above sea-level), famous for its view of the Alps as far as the beginning of the Lombard plain.
A ruined church on the island of Inchdorey, and castles on Galley Head, at Dunnycove, and at Dunowen, together with a stone circle, are the principal antiquities in the neighbourhood.
The father, who made long tours on business, took his wife, child and nurse year after year across England as far as Cumberland and Scotland, visiting towns, cathedrals, castles, colleges, parks, mountains and lakes.
Of the old castles the most notable are Carrigahooly near Newport, said to have been built by the celebrated Grace O'Malley, and Deel Castle near Ballina, at one time the residence of the earls of Arran.
On the Schlossberg above the town there are massive ruins of two castles destroyed by the French in 1744; and about 2 m.
In consequence of financial embarrassments, that family had to sell both (the lordship in 1699, the county in 1713) to the Liechtenstein family, which had since the 12th century owned two castles of that name (both now ruined), one in Styria and the other a little S.W.
The great bulk of the Tirynthians must have lived in houses outside the citadel, but under the shelter of its protection, just as in medieval Italy villages grew up round the castles of any powerful lord.
However, the adventure failed; and by the aid of Ladislaus, the castles of the Colonnas in the vicinity of Rome were destroyed.
The Mappa mundi contains a useful description of England shire by shire, giving in particular a list of the castles and religious houses to be found in each.
Feudal castles and medieval towns now crown its banks, notably, Freudenberg and Miltenberg.
The queen of Scots, with dauntless dignity, refused to yield the castles of Edinburgh and Dumbarton into English keeping, or to deliver up her fugitive English partisans then in Scotland; upon other points they came to terms, and the articles were signed the 16th of October.
The terror of the Hunnish invasion, in 899, further assisted the people in their progress towards freedom, for it compelled them to take arms and to fortify their city, rendering Milan more than ever independent of the feudal lords who lived in their castles in the country.
Rotterdam probably owes its existence to two castles, which existed in feudal times.
The commune also tried to restrict the power of the barons, who, in the 13th century especially, though we find them feudatories of the holy see from the 10th century onwards, threatened to become masters of the whole territory, which is still dotted over with the baronial castles and lofty solitary towers of the rival families of Rome - Orsini, Colonna, Savelli, Conti, Caetani - who ruthlessly destroyed the remains of earlier edifices to obtain materials for their own, and whose castles, often placed upon the high roads, thus following a strategic line to a stronghold in the country, did not contribute to the undisturbed security of traffic upon them, but rather led to their abandonment.
It is true that Moab was continuously hard pressed by desert hordes; the exposed condition of the land is emphasized by the chains of ruined forts and castles which even the Romans were compelled to construct.
Here and there are regions occupied by a semi-sedentary population, called Madan, occupying reed huts huddled around mud castles, called meftul.
He built, among other castles, that of Farnham; and he began the hospital of St Cross at Winchester.
The wooded heights overlooking the Bergstrasse are studded with castles and medieval ruins, some of which are associated with some of the most memorable adventures of German tradition.
But Hellenism in Cappadocia was for centuries to come still confined to the castles of the king and the barons, and the few towns.
He spent immense sums on buildings of all sorts, on quays and harbours, on fortifications, repairing the walls of cities and erecting castles in Thrace to check the inroads of the barbarians, on aqueducts, on monasteries, above all, upon churches.
The castles, the town and its walls were burned in 1607 and 1642.
From the middle of the 8th century to the loth, Brycheiniog proper often bore the brunt of Mercian attacks, and many of the castles on its eastern border had their origin in that period.
As Brunhilda was a great queen, tradition ascribes to her the construction of many old castles, and a number of old Roman roads are also known by the name of Chaussees de Brunehaut.
Almost all the eminences in the Lowlands consist of hard igneous rocks, forming not only chains of hills such as those just mentioned and others in Ayrshire and Lanarkshire, but isolated crags and hills like those on which stand the castles of Edinburgh and Stirling, and others conspicuous in the scenery of Fife and the Lothians.
In August Edward ventured a claim to the castles of Scotland, which was not admitted.
His queen, with Lady Buchan and his sister, were imprisoned; and his castles were held against him.
In the winter of 1307 and in 1308 Bruce ruined Buchan, a Comyn territory, and won the castles of Aberdeen and Forfar, while Edward Bruce cleared the English out of Galloway.
The castles of Carlisle and Berwick, however, repelled the assailants, but Perth was surprised, in January 1313, Bruce himself leading the advance.
By 1342 Roxburgh, Stirling and Edinburgh castles were again in Scottish hands, though the Knight of Liddesdale captured and starved to death, in Hermitage castle, his gallant companion in arms, Sir Alexander Ramsay, who had relieved the garrison of Dunbar.
Bellinzona still possesses three picturesque castles (restored in modern times), dating in their present form from the 15th century.
As a result of a formal alliance the French sent troops to his aid, and in the course of 1404 the great castles of Harlech and Aberystwith fell into his hands.
For 88 turbulent years this feudal kingdom was imposed on the country, and then it disappeared as suddenly as it came, leaving no trace but the ruins of castles and churches, a few place-names, and an undying hereditary hatred of Christianity among the native population.
El Morro, as it is popularly called, was first erected in 1590-1640, and La Punta, a much smaller fort, is of the same period; both were reconstructed after the evacuation of the city by the English in 1763, from which time also date the castles of Principe, Atares and the Cabana.
He was a soldier and a hunter rather than a bishop, and built castles at Eltham and elsewhere.
Consequently Ruffo was desperately anxious to come to terms with the Republicans for the evacuation of the castles, in spite of the queen's orders to make no terms with the rebels.
After some negotiation an armistice was concluded and a capitulation agreed upon, whereby the castles were to be evacuated, the hostages liberated and the garrisons free to remain in Naples unmolested or to sail for Toulon.
While the vessels were being prepared for the voyage to Toulon all the hostages in the castles were liberated save four; but on the 24th of June Nelson arrived with his fleet, and on hearing of the capitulation he refused to g p recognize it save in so far as it concerned the French.
Ruffo indignantly declared that once the treaty was signed, not only by himself but by the Russian and Turkish commandants and by the British captain Foote, it must be respected, and on Nelson's refusal he said that he would not help him to capture the castles.
On the hills above the town are the ruins of two castles.
The only building of much antiquarian interest, with the exception of the castles, is the parish church, which dates from the 15th century, and contains the tombs of several of the margraves.
Gathering a large and well-armed force, he took Norham and other castles in August 1513, spending some time at Ford Castle, where, according to report, he was engaged in an amorous intrigue with the wife of its owner.
The count of Flanders was obliged to sign the treaty of Boves in July 1185, which gave the king, in addition to the expectation of Artois, his wife's dower, sixty-five castles in Vermandois and the town of Amiens.
But in 1202 the war was renewed, John having seized some castles from the family of Lusignan, whose head was the count of La Marche, and taken for his queen a prospective bride, Isabelle Taille*, from Hugh, son of Hugh IX., count of La Marche.
The conquest of Maine, Touraine, Anjou and Poitou in 1204 and 1205 was little more than a military promenade, though the castles of Loches and Chinon held out for a year.
The small barons were completely reduced to submission, whilst the greater feudatories could often appoint a castellan to their own castles only after he had taken an oath to the king.
Its valley, the lower part of which divides the Taunus hills from the Westerwald, is often very narrow and picturesque; among the towns and sites of interest on its banks are Marburg and Giessen with their universities, Wetzlar with its cathedral, Runkel with its castle, Limburg with its cathedral, the castles of Schaumburg, Balduinstein, Laurenburg, Langenau, Burgstein and Nassau, and the well-known health resort of Ems. The Lahn is about 135 m.
They sprang up at the foot of the count's castles and rose in close conjunction with his power.
Others are Caistel Abhail (2 735 ft., "peaks of the castles"), Beinn Tarsuinn (2706 ft.), Cir Mhor (2618 ft.) and Beinn Nuis (2597 ft.).
And, with the return of comparatively settled and prosperous conditions, not only architecture but the other arts also blossomed under the influence of what was later stigmatized as the "Gothic" spirit into new and original forms. Down to the Reformation the churches continued to be, as the temples of the ancient world had been, the main centres of the arts; yet the arts were not confined to them, but flourished wherever, as in castles or walled cities, the conditions essential to their development existed.
It left Europe bristling with feudal castles, and already alert for the march of progress.
Beginning with the older castles of Touraine, and passing onward to the Tuileries, we trace the passage from the medieval fortress to the modern pleasure-house, and note how architecture obeyed the special demands of that new phenomenon of Renaissance civilization, the court.
These are strongly marked about Broaddus Lake and the curved ramparts of the Castles on the Rhine.
William shut himself up in the Tower, but he was forced to surrender his castles and expelled from the kingdom.
In this connexion he built a great number of strong castles, which has led in modern times to his being called "the great builder."
In the neighbourhood are the old and modern castles of the Fiirstenstein family, whence the town is sometimes distinguished as Freiburg unter dem Fiirstenstein.
Of the Byzantine period little remains but the ruins of the castles of St Hilarion, Buffavento and Kantara; and a magnificent series of gold ornaments and silver plate, found near Kyrenia in 1883 and 1897 respectively.
But the most important result of this first Norman invasion was to be found in the marvellous and rapid success of Robert Fitz-Hamon, earl of Gloucester, who, accompanied by a number of knightly adventurers, quickly overran South Wales, and erected a chain of castles stretching from the Wye to Milford Haven.
The important castles of Carmarthen and Pembroke were likewise built at this period.
Having suppressed the independence of Wales, Edward now took steps to keep Gwynedd itself in permanent subjection by building the castles of Conway, Carnarvon, Criccieth and Harlech within the ancient patrimony of the princes of North Wales, whose legitimate race was now extinct save for Llewelyn's daughter Gwenllian, who had entered the convent of Sempringham.
In 1659 he was giving directions as to the suppression of the revolt of the gentry which threatened in Normandy, Anjou and Poitou, with characteristic decision arresting those whom he suspected and arranging every detail of their trial, the immediate and arbitrary destruction of their castles and woods, and the execution of their chief, Bonnesson.
He gave her wealth, castles and lands, and secured for her the state and distinction of a queen.
In the midlands and south fine castles and manor houses of the 16th and 17th centuries are fairly numerous, and there are a few remains of previous date.
On the 10th of July 1359 Wykeham was made chief keeper and surveyor, not only of Windsor, but of the castles of Dover, Hadley and Leeds (Kent), and of the manors of Foliejohn, Eton, Guildford, Kennington, Sheen (now Richmond), Eltham and Langly and their parks, with power to repair them and to pay for workmen and materials.
Though now a ruin, yet its extent, its magnificence, its beautiful situation and its interesting history render it by far the most noteworthy, as it certainly is the grandest and largest, of the old castles of Germany.
Its representatives continued for some time to claim the sovereignty; but the country was practically very much in the condition of Germany at about the same time - chieftains of almost independent power ruled from their castles on the hill-tops over the adjacent valleys, engaged in petty wars, and conducted plundering expeditions against the neighbouring tenants, whilst the great abbeys were places of refuge for the studious or religious, and their heads were the only rivals to the barons in social state, and in many respects the only protectors and friends of the people.
The towns owe their origin to two forts or castles, built on each side of the mouth of the Medina by Henry VIII.
Medieval archaeology has, since Quicherat, revealed how men were living while the monks wrote chronicles, and now cathedrals and castles are studied as genuine historic documents.
The historic castles, the sites of ancient battles, and the innumerable mansions of the wealthy, combine to give to central England a certain aesthetic interest which the more purely manufacturing districts of the west and north fail to inspire.
In October 1453 they placed themselves beneath the overlordship of Casimir; on the 4th of February 1454 formally renounced their ancient allegiance to the Order; and some weeks later captured no fewer than fifty-seven towns and castles.
Other ruined castles are those of Fiirstenberg and Stahlberg.
Here are the rock of the siren Lurlei or Lorelei; the old castles of Stahleck and Pfalz, which belonged to the Counts Palatine of the Rhine; and the quaint medieval towns of Caub and St Goarshausen.
Tirgovishtea alone, at this time the capital of the country, was a considerable town, with two stone castles.
When war broke out Charles deputed him to summon to surrender the castles of Banbury and Warwick, and other strongholds which were being rapidly filled with ammunition and rebels.
The villages are not enclosed by fortifications, but contain small private castles or fortalices.
After taking the strong castles of Arundel, Tickhill, Bridgnorth and Shrewsbury, Henry forced the rebels to submit.
All England, save the county of Kent and a few isolated castles elsewhere, submitted to, Matilda.
Both sides promised to lay down their arms, to dismiss their mercenaries, and to acquiesce in the destruction of unlicensed castles, of which it is said, with no very great exaggeration, that there were at the moment over 1000 in the realm.
He expelled all Stephens mercenaries, took back into his hands the royal lands and castles which his predecessor had granted away, and destroyed hundreds of the adulterine castles which the barons and knights had built without leave during the years of the anarchy.
What happened was that the Anglo-Norman invaders pushed gradually west, occupying the best of the land and holding it down by castles, but leaving the profitless bogs and mountains to the local princes.
The justiciar, Richard de Lucy, routed the army of the earl of Leicester at Fornham in Snifolk, the castles of the rebel earls were subdued one after another, and William of Scotland was surprised and captured by a force of northern loyalists while he was besieging Alnwick (1173-1174).
Showing considerable magnanimity, he promised to grant to each of them half the revenues of the lands in which they were his destined heirs, and a certain number of castles to hold as their own.
In vain John hired foreign mercenaries, garrisoned his castles, and leagued himself with the king of France when the latter returned from the Crusade.
Then he crossed to England with a band of mercenaries, and seized Windsor and Wallinglord castles.
He reached England in March 1194, just in time to receive the surrender of the last two castles which were holding out in.
Prince Johns turbulence had only affected the neighborhood of a few royal castles.
In all the south country only Dover and Windsor castles held out for him.
From 1219 to 1224 de Burgh was constantly occupied in evicting the old loyalists from castles which they had seized or offices which they had disgraced.
Isolated castles in several districts held out in, the kings name, and the whole March of Wales was never properly subdue,d.
In 1282 there was a sudden and well-planned rising, which extended from the gates of Chester to those of Carmarthen; several castles were captured by the insurgents, and Edward had to come to the rescue of the lordsmarchers at the head of a very large army.
After this the king abode for more than a year in Wales, organizing the newly conquered principality into a group of counties, and founding many castles, with dependent towns, within its limits.
Edwards grip on the land was strong, and it had need to be so, for in 1287 and 1294 1295 there were desperate and widespread revolts, which were only checked by the existence of the new castles, and subdued by the concentration of large royal armies.
Edward at once gave him seizin of Scotland, and handed over tohim the royal castles, which had been placed in his hands as a pledge during the arbitration.
Edward was able to occupy many towns and castles, but the broken bands of the insurgents lurked in the hills and forests, and the Countryside as a whole remained unsubdued.
He was himself a great builder, and many of the perfected castles of that concentric style, which later ages have called the Edwardian type, were of his own planning.
On receiving this disastrous news the earl of Northumberland sued for pardon; the king was unwise enough to grant it, merely punishing him by fining him and taking all his castles out of his hands.
It is one of the most curious features of these wars that no town ever stood a siege, though there were several long and arduous sieges of baronial castles, such as Harlech, Alnwick and Barnborough.
Despite the needs of civil war, it was not on castles that the builders energy was spent; the government discouraged fortresses in private hands, and the dwellings of the new nobility of Edward IV.
After taking a few Northumbrian castles, James was brought to action at Flodden Field by the earl of Surrey (September gth, 1513).
Partly for the defence of the kingdoms and partly to overawe the freebooters and mosstroopers who were a perpetual menace to the peace until they were suppressed in the 17th century, castles were erected at various points on both sides of the border.
The town remained till late Byzantine times the toll station of the Hellespont, its importance being transferred to the Dardanelles, after the building of the "Old Castles" by Sultan Mahommed II.
As a result of the rebellion of 1173-1174 it was provided that an oath of fealty should be taken by all, to wit, barons, knights, freeholders and even villeins (rustici)", and that any one who refused should be arrested as the king's enemy, and the justices were to see that the castles whose demolition had been ordered were completely razed.
The fertile southern and central lands were dominated by strong castles.
The presidency of Munster, an office the creation of which had long been contemplated, was then conferred on Sir John Perrot, who drove James "Fitzmaurice" Fitzgerald into the mountains, reduced castles everywhere, and destroyed a Scottish contingent which had come from Ulster to help the rebels.
This elevated region is broken in all directions by mountains, from which the crystalline rocks show most frequently as huge bosses, and in certain regions present very varied and picturesque outlines, resembling Titanic castles,cathedrals,domes, pyramids and spires.
At Tuttlingen it contracts and the hills crowd close to the banks, while ruins of castles crown almost every possible summit.
In the struggles of the reign of Stephen, castles at Newark and Sleaford were raised by Alexander, bishop of Lincoln, against the king, while Ranulf "Gernons," earl.
There are few remains of medieval castles, although the sites of a considerable number are traceable.
The advance is marked by the removals of the capital forward from Cangas de Ona to Oviedo, from Oviedo to Leon, and by the settlement of adventurous frontier men in the ancient Bardulia, which from their peels, and towers of strength, gained the name of Castilla the castles.
Close to Baarn in the south-west were formerly situated the ancient castles of Drakenburg and Drakenstein, and at Vuursche there is a remarkable dolmen.
In the neighbourhood are the ruins of the castles of Karlsberg and of Hohenburg.
Philip passed most of his early years in and around Paris, where the castles of lawless barons, such as that of Montlhery, threatened even his personal safety.
He caused a Landbook to be drawn up in 1375, in which are recorded all the castles, towns and villages of the land with their estates and incomes.
Several ruined castles stand on the coast, and the highest point of the island is 500 ft.
Czerno's affinity for castles meant they couldn't simply blow the place up and hope she survived an avalanche of stone.
Moving inland shady avenues lead you to magnificently restored castles and gentlemen's country estates, which are today open as hotels for guests.
I would very much appreciate if you send me information about this fact and/or stories about enchanted castles.
These are regions steeped in history, whose every village seemingly hides an architectural treasure, from Romanesque chapels to crumbling castles.
Romania has majestic castles, medieval towns, great hiking and wildlife.
The Red Dragon of Wales and the cloven Celtic cross of Cadw now fly from the Edwardian castles.
Miss the match The vast expanse of the Black Forest is on the city's doorstep with its lakes, hiking trails and castles.
The final series from 1972 used less fluid ink wash drawings of castles.
Or else you could visit the Seaside Park, crazy golf course, bouncy castles or summer fairground.
Steep mountain cliffs, punctuated with castles, slice into densely forested valleys.
Dark spooky castles haunted by ghosts - what could be more of a cliche?
His fantasy castles - Cardiff Castle and Castel Coch - designed by William Burges, sprang from a romantic medievalism.
From vibrant metropolises that never sleep through river valleys with fairytale castles to enchanting medieval small towns.
They differ from motte and bailey castles because they do not have a motte.
In these castles, there was a fortified building (the castle) on top of a man-made hill called a motte.
It certainly has the right imagery to crop up in any number of Gothic novels based in English parsonages or turreted castles.
Robber barons became a law unto themselves and built unlicensed castles from which they terrorized the populace and against them Stephen was largely ineffectual.
Castles, churches and cathedrals, market towns, and the seaside that can be seen by holders of railroad holiday runabout tickets.
If you are not tempted with our fine single malts then there are tours around our old Scottish castles and ruins.
The 8th century Offa's Dike attracts numerous visitors each year together with the remains of several Norman castles.
The food is also a highlight of the Catalan Castles & Coves walk, which offers a combination of inland and coastal walking.
York taking quot that is depicting castles and the stress and.
This secured complete liberty of conscience everywhere within the realm and the free right of public worship in all places in which it existed during the years 1596 and 1597, or where it had been granted by the edict of Poitiers (1577) interpreted by the convention of Nerac (1578) and the treaty of Fleix (1580) - in all some two hundred towns; in two places in every bailliage and senechaussee; in the castles of Protestant seigneurs hauts justiciers (some three thousand); and in the houses of lesser nobles, provided the audience did not consist of more than thirty persons over and above relations of the family.
The consular cities were everywhere surrounded by castles; and, though the feudal lords had been weakened by the events of the preceding centuries, they continued to be formidable enemies.
Sigismund attempted to relieve the fortress, but was decisively defeated by the Hussites on the ist of November near the village of Pankrac. The castles of Vysehrad and Hradcany now capitulated, and shortly afterwards almost all Bohemia fell into the hands of the Hussites.
They were declared legitimate in 1397 and took the name of Beaufort from one of their father's castles in Anjou (see Beaufort).
Thus, to defend her immense possessions in Volhynia and Podolia, she converted the castles of Bar and Krzemieniec into first-class fortresses, and placed the former in the hands of her Silesian steward, who acquitted himself so manfully of his charge r that "the Tatars fell away from the frontier all the days of Pan Pretficz," and a large population settled securely beneath the walls of Bar, henceforth known as "the bastion of Podolia."
Caesar, who had been hastily summoned from Illyricum, crossed the Loire and invaded Brittany, but found that he could make no headway without destroying the powerful fleet of high, flat-bottomed boats like floating castles possessed by the Veneti.
At Palermo the capitulation secured to the Saracens the full enjoyment of their own laws; Girgenti was long mainly Saracen; in Val di Noto the Saracens kept towns and castles of their own.
After securing his flank and rear by taking Norham, Wark and Eitel castles, he awaited the approach of Surrey's army at Ford castle, behind which lies Flodden Edge, a strong position, which he presently occupied.
In 1136 the army of Griffith ap Rhys met with a large English force near Cardigan, composed of the denizens of the South Wales castles and of the hated Flemish colonists, who had been lately planted by Henry I.
The kingdom was in the desperate state described in the last melancholy pages of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, when life and property were nowhere safe from the objectless ferocity of feudal tyrants when every shire was full of castles and every castle filled with devils and evil men, and the people murmured that Christ and his saints slept.
He had climbed the high mountains in Switzerland and visited beautiful churches in Italy and France, and he saw a great many ancient castles.
There we worked, revising mythology, rounding a fable here and there, and building castles in the air for which earth offered no worthy foundation.
If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that is where they should be.
Parts of a Castle The many different parts of Medieval Castles were essential for ensuring a safe retreat against intrusion or invasion.
We have a short walk among deep white sandstone outcrops resembling imaginary huge castles.
The Rhineland, with its sweeping vineyards, quaint half-timbered houses and imposing castles, is steeped in legend and history.
These Norman castles gave the Normans of 1066 power bases from which they could subjugate the English population.
Here and there a few towns and cities are included symbolized by figures crowned with castles and spires.
Alternatively a drive north along the coast brings you to sandy beaches and ancient castles under wide-open skies.
New york taking quot that is depicting castles and the stress and.
The theme apparently was "castles" - with faux stone walls painted around the room, opening up to painted scenes of medieval castles.
Seasonally-themed items such as sand castles, pumpkins, snowflakes, and Christmas trees are also quite common.
You'll find dog bones, castles, crayons, balloon, snowmen, and other kid-friendly image choices.
The decorations should look like they come right out of a storybook and include castles and glass slippers.
Maids sing "Castles Are So Hard to Dust", the new monster sings "Its Alive" (all through which he imitates Elvis), while Ego sings about "Goin' Choppin" as he prepares to shop for body parts.
Castles, animals, flowers, seashells, and more are no longer cake decorations-they are the actual cake.
At the head table, use sand castles in various sizes to show off this fun theme.
The sand castles should rest near the outer edge of the table so guests can enjoy their meals without feeling cramped.
The sand castle should be tan to imitate real sand castles you see at the beach.
As you initially consider designs and decorators, try paging through photographs of real castles to get inspiration and ideas for detailed touches.
This design is often found with underwater motifs such as seaweed and even sea castles.
It was especially popular among noblemen and lords in medieval Europe, who relied on the bed for protection against leaking roofs and drafty houses and castles.
Castles and princesses go together in colorful patterns that may include various scenes of majestic turrets with fluttering flags.
These shapes are most often animals or objects that are popular with kids, such as racecars, sports equipment, dinosaurs, or castles.
Shore excursions might include tours to castles, vineyards, famous cathedrals, markets or chateaux.
Cruise companies offer a variety of shore trips to tour cathedrals, castles and historic villages.
This nine-day cruise celebrates the romance and beauty of Europe's finest castles.
This itinerary includes tours of medieval, gothic, and renaissance castles, as well as views of terraced vineyards, awe-inspiring countrysides, and old-world towns.
One of the most popular cruise options from Vantage is the Castles Along the Rhine and Danube River Cruise.
Try the new 3-D puzzles of globes, castles, dual-image, and more.
Dungeon Siege 2 is the action-packed RPG sequel, where you lead a party of up to six members to explore dark dungeons, castles and other unusual places.
The overworld connects the places you visit, such as towns, castles, underground caves, icy mountains, etc., and serves as a small resting point where you can save and recover your health.
The children like to build and create whether it is sand castles or mud pies.
There are several other tiered skirt selections that are so cute and fun, she may not want to take them off while building sand castles.
Now your little girl can dig in the sand and help build castles instead of worrying about straps falling down.
There are also a variety of other castles and fortresses that can be utilized with the Adventure Castle to create an entire world of fantasy for your child.
When this dragon takes a break from ravaging the local castles, it likes to hang out with other neighborhood dragons.
The blocks also serve as a vehicle for imaginative play where kids can build castles for dolls or cities for stuffed animals.
Tapestries were originally used to decorate the walls of palaces and castles in Europe.
Many kids still enjoy playing in the sand, and building sand castles is a favorite pasttime.
Mega Fort by Cranium allows kids to construct their own large forts-- or castles, playhouses, tunnels, or... whatever they imagine!
In fact, this can be a bit of a criticism if parents don't like their kids playing violent games - many of the games involve blowing things up, invading castles, or crashing airships.
Many RPGs involve fantasy worlds with dragons, castles, knights, elves, fairies and other magical characters.
The variety of stories and locations is quite diverse, and houses can range from small family dwellings to ancient castles and mansions.
Places to explore for paranormal activity include parks and castles.
Ireland, England, Wales, Germany and in fact most of both Western and Eastern Europe claim haunted castles.
Read the full history of Leap Castle and other haunted castles on Haunted Britain.
Favorites include those that focus on particular states, those about hauntings in castles, and of course, those written about graveyards and haunted houses.
Many activities beyond swimming and building sand castles can be enjoyed no matter where the family beach vacation takes place, while others may be specific to the location.
The Loire valley is known for its beauty, its wine production and interestingly its castles.
When visiting the castles, or looking at pictures of their interior and exterior attributes, one often gets the impression that the castles are the most stately and luxurious residences ever built.
The château at Chambord is a good example of one of the castles that were built into luxurious palaces, but were only enjoyed by the person who had them built for a short time.
Upon returning from Italy, he worked to make not only Cheverny, but also the Palais de Luxemborg (Paris) into the enchanting castles that they remain today.
In addition to the two châteaux discussed above, there are several more beautiful castles to visit in France.
The castles of France make for beautiful vacation destinations, both for a couple on their honeymoon or for a family vacation abroad.
Bounce castles are a popular option because the four walls of the structure are easily turned into "stone" walls and turrets.
From air-filled castles to giant slides, your littlest guests will bounce around your yard or local park all afternoon.
If the children are older, give them washable markers and let them decorate the castles themselves.
They expect to see grim castles, evil magicians, simple peasants and noble heroes.
It was like something out of a television show about castles.
Two medieval castles rise above the town, and there are some churches of interest.
Grand seigneurs, like the prince of Conde, the duc de Nevers and the marquis de Vardes, were glad to vary the monotony of their feudal castles by listening to the eloquent rehearsals of Malebranche or Regis.
In various places throughout the county may be seen the ruins of several ancient castles, Danish raths or encampments, and tumuli, in the last of which urns and stone coffins have sometimes been found.
Cashel, Cahir and several castles fell in February, and Kilkenny in March; Clonmel repulsing the assault with great loss, but surrendering on the 10th of May 1650.
In December 1654 Penn and Venables sailed for the West Indies with orders to attack the Spanish colonies and the French shipping; and for the first time since the Plantagenets an English fleet appeared in the Mediterranean, where Blake upheld the supremacy of the English flag, made a treaty with the dey of Algiers, destroyed the castles and ships of the dey of Tunis at Porto Farina on the 4th of April 1655, and liberated the English prisoners captured by the pirates.
In the early years of the 20th century the town was much decayed, numerous ruins of castles, palaces and churches indicating its former importance.
Later emperors built other castles and palaces, the latest in date being that of the Negus Yesu II.
Although they held the town but a short time they inflicted very great damage, destroying many churches, further damaging the castles and carrying off much treasure.
Unlike any other buildings in Abyssinia, the castles and palaces of Gondar resemble, with some modifications, the medieval fortresses of Europe, the style of architecture being the result of the presence in the country of numbers of Portuguese.
The exterior walls of the castles and palaces named are little damaged and give to Gondar a unique character among African towns.
The country by this time had become thickly covered over with castles, the seats of greater or lesser nobles, all of whom were eager to detach themselves from strict allegiance to the Regno.
These, in their turn, forced the nobles to leave their castles, and to reside for at least a portion of each year within the walls.
The war against the castles became a war against the palaces; and the system of government by consuls proved inefficient to control the clashing elements within the state.
Castle-guard was the liability incumbent on the holders of some estates to serve in the garrison of the royal castles.
The constables of these castles had adopted the custom of compelling these landholders to give money and not service, mercenaries being then hired to perform this.
He will restore lands and castles to those who have been deprived of them without the judgment of their peers; he will do the same concerning property unlawfully seized by Henry II.
New provisions were introduced for the preservation of the peace - unlawful castles were to be destroyed - while others were directed towards making the administration of justice by the visiting justices less burdensome.
Borgia's power was now at an end, and he was obliged to surrender all his castles in Romagna save Cesena, Forli and Bettinoro, whose governors refused to accept an order of surrender from a master who was a prisoner.
Finally, it was agreed that if Cesare were set at liberty he would surrender the castles; this having been accomplished, he departed for Naples, where the Spaniards were in possession.
The rebellion spread like lightning, principally in the central or purely Magyar provinces, where hundreds of manor-houses and castles were burnt and thousands of the gentry done to death by impalement, crucifixion and other unspeakable methods.
His method was to travel over the country on foot and barefooted, in extreme poverty, simplicity and austerity, preaching and instructing in highways and villages and towns, and in the castles of the nobility, controverting and discussing with the heretics.
This was replaced by several castles in succession, of which one - Castle Dounie - was taken by Cromwell and burned by the duke of Cumberland in 1746, the conflagration being witnessed from a neighbouring hill by Simon, Lord Lovat, before his capture on Loch Morar.
The remains of castles are few; the ancient Bolsover Castle is replaced by a castellated mansion of the 17th century; of the Norman Peak Castle near Castleton little is left; of Codnor Castle in the Erewash valley there are picturesque ruins of the 13th century.
The Franks evacuated Syria altogether, leaving behind them only the ruins of their castles to bear witness, to this very day, of the Crusades they had waged and the kingdom they had founded and lost.
His goods were confiscated, his aged mother turned into the street and numbers of other members of the clan in Rome were arrested, while Giuffre Borgia led an expedition into the Campagna and seized their castles.
In 1066 it was taken by Harold Hardrada, and in 1068 the men of the north of England, rising under Edgar Aetheling and Earl Waltheof, stormed the castles which William I.
The later middle ages are represented by several monasteries, and many castles, such as those of Dervent, Doboj, Maglaj, Zepee and Vranduk, on the Bosna; Bihac, on Owing to the scarcity of authoritative documents, it is impossible to describe in detail the events of the next three centuries.
Below him ranked the newly converted Moslem aristocracy, who adopted the dress, titles and etiquette of the Turkish court, without relinquishing their language or many of their old customs. They dwelt in fortified towns or castles, where the vali was only admitted on sufferance for a few days; and, at the outset, they formed a separate military caste, headed by 48 kapetans - landholders exercising unfettered authority over their retainers and Christian serfs, but bound, in return, to provide a company of mounted troops for the service of their sovereign.
Though Sigismund had retired from Prague, the castles of Vysehrad and Hradcany remained in possession of his troops.
In the vicinity are the ruined castles of Hoch-barr, Grossgeroldseck, Ochsenstein and Greifenstein.
In the vicinity are the castles of Murthly, one a modern mansion in the Elizabethan style, erected about 1838 from designs by James Gillespie Graham (1777-1855), and the other the old castle, still occupied, which was occasionally used as a hunting-lodge by the Scottish kings.
For the moment the earl of Surrey (who in King Henry VIII.'s absence was charged with the defence of the realm) had no organized force in the north of England, but James wasted much precious time among the border castles, and when Surrey appeared at Wooler, with an army equal in strength to his own, which was now greatly weakened by privations and desertion, he had not advanced beyond Ford Castle.
For many years the castles and prisons of Haverfordwest and Pembroke were filled to overflowing with French prisoners of war.
This is the most beautiful part of the whole course of the river, abounding in ruined castles, romantic crags and sunny vineyards.
The early margraves had permitted the Florentines to wage war against the Alberti family, whose castles they destroyed.
By 1176 the Florentines were masters of all the territory comprised in the dioceses of Florence and Fiesole; but civil commotion within nobles, headed by the Alberti and strengthened by the many feudal families who had been forced to leave their castles and dwell in the city (1177-1180).
The attempt to seize Montevarchi and other castles where the Guelph exiles were congregated failed, and in 1250 the burghers elected thirty-six caporali di popolo, who formed the basis of the primo popolo or body of citizens independent of the nobles, headed by the capitano del popolo.
In the neighbourhood are ruins of several medieval castles, and the fine hall of the Marquess Vega de Armijo.
Ricotti, "no citizens in the cities, neither man nor beast in the fields, all the land forest-clad and wild; one sees no houses, for most of them are burnt, and of nearly all the castles only the walls are visible; of the inhabitants, once so numerous, some have died of the plague or of hunger, some by the sword, and some have fled elsewhere preferring to beg their bread abroad rather than support misery at home which is worse than death."
It was to see my native village in the light of the Middle Ages, and our Concord was turned into a Rhine stream, and visions of knights and castles passed before me.
In the 8th and 9th centuries Bouillon was one of the castles of the counts of Ardenne and Bouillon.