Tin in A Sentence

    1

    A 6th C saint who was the patron saint of tin miners.

    2

    A backhand flick from Ashour gave him match point number 4, which he slammed a cross-court backhand flick from Ashour gave him match point number 4, which he slammed a cross-court backhand into the tin.

    3

    A backhand flick from Ashour gave him match point number 4, which he slammed a cross-court backhand into the tin.

    4

    A colloidal or soluble stannic acid is obtained by dialysing a mixture of tin tetrachloride and alkali, or of sodium stannate and hydrochloric acid.

    5

    A considerable export trade in copper, tin and granite was formerly carried on, and the last is still exported, hut the chief trade is in grain; while timber, coal and limestone are imported.

    6

    A good example may be made with two cylindrical tin cups; the bottoms form the membranes and the cups the mouthpieces.

    7

    A great English vintage toffee tin, a printed faux walnut wood veneer to resemble a wooden casket or box.

    8

    A great many turned brigands rather than serve tin, and together with the remaining adherents of Bourbon rule and wa lefactors of all kinds, were made use of by the ex-king and his ma ourage to harass the Italian administration.

    9

    A hydrated tin trioxide, Sn03, was obtained by Spring by adding barium dioxide to a solution of stannous chloride and hydrochloric acid; the solution is dialysed, and the colloidal solution is evaporated to form a white mass of 2Sn03 H20.

    10

    A large quantity of the tin is sold by public auction at the mining exchange, the sales being known as tin-ticketings.

    11

    A layer of sheet zinc or tin has frequently to be used as protection from rats.

    12

    A lower quality goes by the name of block tin.

    13

    A pair of tin snips finished the job with consummate ease.

    14

    A soft bronze or gun-metal is formed with 16 parts of copper to 1 of tin, and a harder gun-metal,, such as was used for bronze ordnance, when the proportion of tin is about doubled.

    15

    A staccato metallic voice reverberated about the room like a marble in a tin can.

    16

    A strip of metallic zinc when placed in a solution of stannous chloride precipitates the tin in crystals and takes its place in the solution.

    17

    A tin ingot is distinctly crystalline; hence the characteristic crackling noise, or "cry" of tin, which a bar of tin gives out when being bent.

    18

    A very realistic finish to the tin and chocolate sardines enclosed.

    19

    A volume entitled Opera posthuma (Leiden, 1703) contained his "Dioptrica," in which the ratio between the respective focal lengths of object-glass and eye-glass is given as the measure of magnifying power, together with the shorter essays De vitris figurandis, De corona et parheliis, &c. An early tract De ratiociniis tin ludo aleae, printed in 16J7 with Schooten's Exercitationes mathematicae, is notable as one of the first formal treatises on the theory of probabilities; nor should his investigations of the properties of the cissoid, logarithmic and catenary curves be left unnoticed.

    20

    About half the outside and half the inside surface is coated smoothly with tin foil, and the remainder of the glazed surface is painted with shellac varnish.

    21

    About the time that the Prussian parliament was thus created, and that the emperor Ferdinand resigned, the Frankfori parliament succeeded in formulating the fundamental me queslaws, which were duly proclaimed to be those of Ger- tion of tin many as it was now to be constituted.

    22

    According to Michel and Kraft, one litre of cold saturated solution of tin crystals weighs 1827 grammes and contains 1333 grammes of SnCl 2.

    23

    Adult evacuees, mainly the children's parents and teachers, were given one extra tin of bully beef.

    24

    After much experiment he selected an alloy of tin and copper as the most suitable material for his specula, and he devised means for grinding and polishing them.

    25

    After the bland meal was over and the tin foil discarded, Dean donned his coat and walked up town.

    26

    All the lugs on one side are connected together, and so also are all the lugs on the other side, and the two sets of tin foils separated by sheets of mica constitute the two metallic surfaces of the Leyden jar condenser.

    27

    All the tin foils on one side of the glass plates are connected together and all the tin foils on the opposite sides, so as to construct a condenser of any required capacity.

    28

    All tin, except a small quantity produced by the shaft furnace process from exceptionally pure stream tin ore, requires refining by liquation and "boiling" before it is ready for the market.

    29

    All we know is that about the 1st century the Greek word Kacroircpos designated tin, and that tin was imported from Cornwall into Italy after, if not before, the invasion of Britain by Julius Caesar.

    30

    Alloys of copper with aluminium, though often nearly or completely destitute of tin, are known as aluminium bronze, and are valuable for their strength and the resistance they offer to corrosion.

    31

    Alloys prepared in this way, and known as phosphor bronze, may contain only about 1% of phosphorus in the ingot, reduced to a mere trace after casting, but their value is nevertheless enhanced for purposes in which a hard strong metal is required, as for pump plungers, valves, the bushes of bearings, &c. Bronze again is improved by the presence of manganese in small quantity, and various grades of manganese bronze, in some of which there is little or no tin but a considerable percentage of zinc, are extensively used in mechanical engineering.

    32

    Alluvial tin mining is carried on successfully in the neighbourhood of Embadaan, cassiterite to the value of £46,000 being exported in 1905-1907.

    33

    Although these days they physically live in an old tin trunk.

    34

    Aluminium is a white metal with a characteristic tint which most nearly resembles that of tin; when impure, or after pro longed exposure to air, it has a slight violet shade.

    35

    Among manufactures are iron and steel, tin and terne plate, glass, paper and wood pulp, and pottery.

    36

    Among minerals, iron ore, sulphur, copper, coal, tin, lead and diamonds are the most imported.

    37

    Among the city's manufactures are oxide of tin and other chemicals, iron and steel, leather goods, automobiles and bicycles, electrical and telephone supplies, butted tubing, gas engines, screws and bolts, silk, lace and hosiery.

    38

    Among the manufactures are brass and copper work, wire for electrical uses, foundry and machine-shop products, locomotives, knit goods, tin cans and canned goods (especially vegetables).

    39

    An electric knife, an electric tin opener, a kettle tipper (I prefer to use a jug kettle ).

    40

    An indication of the mineral products has already been given; as regards the export trade, tin is the most important of these, but the Ombilin coalfields of Sumatra, connected by a railway with the coast, call for mention here also.

    41

    An ingot of tin is pure white (except for a slight tinge of blue); the colour depends, however, upon the temperature at which it is poured - if too low, the surface is dull, if too high, iridescent.

    42

    Another place for a tin can lid.

    43

    Anthracite and steam-coal from the collieries of the coast and along the Loughor Valley are exported from the extensive docks; and there are also large works for the smelting of copper and the manufacture of tin plates.

    44

    Antimony, bismuth, selenium, tellurium, chromic iron ore, tin, nickel, cobalt, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, uranium and tantalum are produced in the United States in small amounts, but such production in several cases has amounted to only slight discoveries, and in general they are of little importance in the market.

    45

    Aristotle refers to brass as the "metal of the Mosynoeci," 2 which is produced as a bright and light-coloured XaXK6s, not by addition of tin, but by fusing up with an earth.

    46

    As before stated tin will never be found far from granite, and that granite must have white mica as one of its constituents.

    47

    As calciners they are used in tin mines and for the chlorination of silver ores.

    48

    As pure tin does not tarnish in the air and is proof against acid liquids, such as vinegar, lime juice, &c., it is utilized for culinary and domestic vessels.

    49

    As stream tin it occurs abundantly in some of the alluvial deposits derived from the crystalline area, especially on the west coast.

    50

    At a later period tin and lead were regarded as the English minerals of highest commercial value; whereas to-day both, but especially lead, have fallen far from this position.

    51

    At the same time, however, it forms a number of compounds in which it is most decidedly tetravalent; and thus it shows relations to carbon, silicon, germanium and tin.

    52

    August 11 th 1863 William Lilley, laborer of Clare pleaded guilty to stealing a tin bottle from William Gosling of Clare.

    53

    Beer, Prussian blue, leather, tin, pottery, cigars, and gold and silver work are the chief industrial products, and there is a considerable trade by rail and river.

    54

    Being a component of bronze, it was used as a metal thousands of years prior to the dawn of history; but it does not follow that prehistoric bronzes were made from metallic tin.

    55

    Benjamin Franklin and Bevis devised independently the form of condenser known as a Franklin or Leyden pane, which consists of a sheet of glass, partly coated on both sides with tin foil or silver leaf, a margin of glass all round being left to insulate the two tin foils from each other.

    56

    Besides agriculture the only considerable industries are gold, tin and coal mining.

    57

    Between the long grasses there are small plots of land dotted with tin shacks roofed with dried palm branches.

    58

    Bichloride of tin, having chemical affinity for silk fibre, bids fair to extinguish the use of sugar, which, from its hygrometric qualities, has a tendency to ruin the silk to which it is applied, if great care be not taken to regulate the quantity.

    59

    Biscuits for the cookie tin, cake just in case.

    60

    Bituminous coal and natural gas abound in the vicinity, and iron, steel, and tin and terne plate are extensively manufactured in the city, the tin-plate plant being one of the most important in the United States.

    61

    Bolivian tin is exported from Chilean ports.

    62

    Bronze containing about 7 parts of copper to 1 of tin is hard, brittle and sonorous, and can be tempered to take a fine edge.

    63

    Brown the guinea fowl in a frying pan in the butter, then transfer to a roasting tin, breast down.

    64

    Brunton's calciner, used in the "burning" of the pyritic minerals associated with tin ore, is a familiar example of this type.

    65

    Bulletproof Monk does exactly what it says on the tin and promises an hour and a half of mildly diverting entertainment.

    66

    But he stood immovable, with his tin jaws half parted and his tin eyes turned upward.

    67

    But it is expensive, and tin vessels have to be made very heavy to give them sufficient stability of form; hence it is generally employed merely as a protecting coating for utensils made essentially of copper or iron.

    68

    But Ozma soon conquered her, with the help of Glinda the Good, and after that I went to live with Nick Chopper, the Tin Woodman.

    69

    By 1850 Scottish colliers working in none " gassy " mines were beginning to use similar oil wick lamps made of tin or brass.

    70

    By sublimation in a current of hydrogen it can be crystallized in the form of regular octahedra; it is slightly harder than tin, but is softer than zinc, and like tin, emits a crackling sound when bent.

    71

    By the 19th century, it was suggested that the lamb represented purity, obviously a good selling point for the local tin smelters.

    72

    By the addition of a small quantity of silicon the tensile strength of copper is much increased; a sample of such silicon bronze, used for telegraph wires, on analysis was found to consist of 99.94% of copper, 0.03% of tin, and traces of iron and silicon.

    73

    Camborne was a prosperous boom town in the nineteenth century, due to the tin mining industry.

    74

    Canton first suggested the use of an amalgam of mercury and tin for use with glass cylinder electrical machines to improve their action.

    75

    China clay from the decomposing granites; tin and copper ore, once abounding at the contacts between the granite and the rocks it pierced, were the former staples of wealth, and the mining largely accounts for the exceptional density of population in Cornwall.

    76

    Clean out the tin, with a soft damp cloth, try not to bend the tin at all.

    77

    Coal and iron ore abound in the vicinity, and the city, manufactures iron, steel, tin plate, electrical and telephone supplies, shovels, boilers, leather, flour, brick and tile, salt, furniture and several kinds of vehicles.

    78

    Coal mining and manufacturing are the principal industries; among factory products are iron, steel, tin, stoves, machinery and glassware.

    79

    Coinage bronze consists of copper 95 parts, tin 4 parts and zinc I part, and a ton yields X44 8 in pence or £ 373, 6s.

    80

    Colors - Does anyone know what color the cab detonator and flag tin boxes were painted when DMUs were first delivered?

    81

    Columbium compounds are usually prepared by fusing columbite with an excess of acid potassium sulphate, boiling out the fused mass with much water, and removing tin and tungsten from the residue by digestion with ammonium sulphide, any iron present being simultaneously converted into ferrous sulphide.

    82

    Commercially pure tin is used for making such apparatus as evaporating basins, infusion pots, stills, &c. It is also employed for making two varieties of tin-foil - one for the silvering of mirrors (see Mirror), the other for wrapping up chocolate, toilet soap, tobacco, &c. The mirror foil must contain some copper to prevent it from being too readily amalgamated by the mercury.

    83

    Cool in the tin on a wire rack, then refrigerate for 8 hours.

    84

    Copper and tin have been but little used separately.

    85

    Copper, tin and lead works are everywhere numerous in the busy valleys of north Glamorgan and in the neighbourhoods of Swansea, Neath, Cardiff and Llanelly.

    86

    Copper, tin, lead and zinc, mixed in various proportions by different experts, are the ingredients, and the beautiful golden hues and glossy texture of the surface are obtained by patina-producing processes, in which branch of metal-work the Japanese show altogether unique skill.

    87

    Cotton yarn and cloth, petroleum, timber and furs are among the chief imports; copper, tin, hides and tea are important exports; medicines in the shape not only of herbs and roots, but also of fossils, shells, bones, teeth and various products of the animal kingdom; and precious stones, principally jade and rubies, are among the other exports.

    88

    Current rules require that any youngster playing as pitcher must wear a codpiece - a tin cup protecting the testicles.

    89

    Dark parts are rich in copper, light parts in tin.

    90

    Dektite retrofit roof flashing fitting instructions Trim the cone of the Dektite flashing to suit the flue pipe using sharp tin snips.

    91

    Deposits of copper, tin, iron and tungsten have been discovered, and a variety of other mineral products (graphite, mica, spodumene, coal, petroleum, &c.).

    92

    Diamonds are obtained in Borneo, garnets in Sumatra, Bachian and Timor, and topazes in Bachian, antimony in Borneo and the Philippines; lead in Sumatra, Borneo and the Philippines; copper and malachite in the Philippines, Timor, Borneo and Sumatra; and, most important of all, tin in Banka, Billiton and Singkep. Iron is pretty frequent in various forms. Gold is not uncommon in the older ranges of Sumatra, Banka, Celebes, Bachian, Timor and Borneo.

    93

    Dissolve the residue in hydrochloric acid and test separately for antimony and tin.

    94

    Dr John Bevis of London suggested, in 1746, the use of sheet lead coatings within and without the jar, and subsequently the use of tin foil or silver leaf made closely adherent to the glass.

    95

    Dr Joseph Black's instrument consists of a conical tube of tin plate, with a small brass tube, supporting the nozzle, inserted near the wider end, and a mouth-piece at the narrow end.

    96

    During the 18th century the world's supply of tin was mainly drawn from the deposits of England, Saxony and Bohemia; in 1801 England produced about 2500 tons, while the supplies of Saxony and Bohemia had been greatly diminished.

    97

    Edison develops tin foil cylinder phonograph; files patent for it on December 24 which is awarded on February 19, 1878.

    98

    Either by the Phoenicians or by the Greeks metallurgy was taught to men who no sooner recognized the nature and malleable properties of copper than they learnt that by application of heat a substance could be manufactured with tin far better suited to their purposes.

    99

    Essentially self-taught, George Gershwin was first a song plugger in Tin Pan Alley and an accompanist.

    100

    Every boy had a tin or other receptacle containing jagged pieces of metal which had once been shells or even bombs.

    101

    Fairy Powers, so wondrous great, Make our dear Tin Woodman straight!

    102

    Familiar and unfamiliar Sea Shanties were accompanied by a variety of instruments including melodeons, concertinas, two guitars and a tin whistle.

    103

    Fill a muffin tin (ideally lined with muffin cases) to just under the rim.

    104

    For the linings of brasses, various white metals are used, these being alloys of copper, antimony and tin, and occasionally lead.

    105

    For the preparation of chemically pure tin two methods are employed.

    106

    For the purposes of wireless telegraphy, when large condensers are required, the ordinary Leyden jar occupies too much space in comparison with its electrical capacity, and hence the best form of con denser consists of a number of sheets of crown glass, each partly coated on both sides with tin foil.

    107

    From an analogy instituted between the healthy human being and gold, the most perfect of the metals, silver, mercury, copper, iron, lead and tin, were regarded in the light of lepers that required to be healed.

    108

    From his committee he reported in April 1888 the "Mills Bill," which provided for a reduction of the duties on sugar, earthenware, glassware, plate glass, woollen goods and other articles, the substitution of ad valorem for specific duties in many cases, and the placing of lumber (of certain kinds), hemp, wool, flax, borax, tin plates, salt and other articles on the free list.

    109

    From the analysis of coins it appears that for their bronze coins the Greeks adhered to an alloy of copper and tin till 400 B.C., after which time they used also lead with increasing frequency.

    110

    From the beginning of tin Restoration the great statesman, who was nicknamed at th time the Richelieu of Aiphonso XII.s reign, established a system of government which lasted for a quarter of a century.

    111

    Fromm have shown that alloys may be precipitated from dilute solutions by zinc, cadmium, tin, lead and copper.

    112

    Further he prepared a large number of substances, including the chlorides and other salts of lead, tin, iron, zinc, copper, antimony and arsenic, and he even noted some of the phenomena of double decomposition.

    113

    Getting all your food from the school canteen in a tin, or from stalls on the side of the road, is great.

    114

    Glover, The Conflict of Religions tin the Early Roman Empire, chap. x.

    115

    Gold is found in Chihuahua, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sinaloa, Sonora, Vera Cruz, Zacatecas, and to a limited extent in other states; silver in every state and territory except Campeche, Chiapas, Tabasco, Tlaxcala and the Yucatan peninsula; copper in Lower California, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan, Sonora, Tamaulipas and some other states; mercury chiefly in Guanajuato, Guerrero, San Luis Potosi, Vera Cruz and Zacatecas; tin in Guanajuato; coal, petroleum and asphalt in 20 states, but chiefly in Coahuila, Hidalgo, Michoacan, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas and Vera Cruz; iron in Durango, Hidalgo, Oaxaca and other states; and lead in Hidalgo, Queretaro and in many of the silver-producing districts.

    116

    Gold is worked under European direction in the district of Gorontalo, but with only partial success; the search for coal in the southern peninsula has yielded no satisfactory results; tin, iron and copper, found in the eastern peninsula and elsewhere, are utilized only for native industries.

    117

    Gold is yellow; copper is red; silver, tin, and some others are pure white; the majority are greyish.

    118

    Gold, copper, iron and manganese are also found in various parts of the district, and there are tin mines at Maliwun, upon which European methods have been tried without much profit, owing to the cost of labour.

    119

    Gold, silver, bronze, tin, clothes and all other kinds of property were estimated in sets.

    120

    Gold, silver, lead, copper, tin and bauxite have also been discovered, but the greater richness of the iron and coal deposits has prevented their development.

    121

    Gold, the most perfect metal, had the symbol of the Sun, 0; silver, the semiperfect metal, had the symbol of the Moon, 0j; copper, iron and antimony, the imperfect metals of the gold class, had the symbols of Venus Mars and the Earth tin and lead, the imperfect metals of the silver class, had the symbols of Jupiter 94, and Saturn h; while mercury, the imperfect metal of both the gold and silver class, had the symbol of the planet,.

    122

    Grains of metallic tin occur intermingled with the gold ores of Siberia, Guiana and Bolivia, and in a few other localities.

    123

    Grease a cake tin, then pour in mixture.

    124

    Guillaume 6 explains the ferromagnetism of Heusler's alloy by supposing that the naturally low critical temperature of the manganese contained in it is greatly raised by the admixture of another appropriate metal, such as aluminium or tin; thus the alloy as a whole becomes magnetizable at the ordinary temperature.

    125

    He accepted the tin of flapjacks she offered and jerked his head toward her wagon.

    126

    He had the twa sticks in a wee tin, an he sune fitted them up wi keps an strum.

    127

    He then gave every tin a random push, and put the die in his waistcoat pocket.

    128

    Heat a roasting tin or large ovenproof frying pan over a medium heat, adding a little olive oil.

    129

    Hence all tin crystals as kept in the laboratory give with water a turbid solution, which contains stannic in addition to stannous chloride.

    130

    Hence tin and lead, though very malleable, are little ductile.

    131

    His son Edmund, earl of Cornwall, built a great hall at Lostwithiel and decreed that the coinage of tin should be at Lostwithiel only.

    132

    His speculum metal is composed of four atoms of copper (126.4 parts) and one of tin (58.9 parts), a brilliant alloy, which resists tarnish better than any other compound tried.

    133

    His tag and sample go to the wheat exchange or chamber of commerce, where they are exposed in small tin pans, and form the basis of the trading.

    134

    Homer was acquainted with tin and other articles of Indian merchandise by their Sanskrit names; and a long list has been made of Indian products mentioned in the Bible.

    135

    Homer's description of the shield of Achilles, made of bronze, enriched with bands of figure reliefs in gold, silver and tin, could hardly have been written by a man who had not some personal acquaintance with works in metal of a very elaborate kind.

    136

    Humans also hate bad breath - try raiding the neighbor's rubbish tin to get something particularly smelly.

    137

    I don't like these people, because unlike the traditional tin rattlers - they are very aggressive and prey on the vulnerable.

    138

    I focused in on a small ingot of tin I carried in my bag.

    139

    I often add a tin tuna and perhaps some spring onion in with it too.

    140

    I usually make the paste runny by adding a teaspoon or two of diluted Lectade to a small tin of food.

    141

    If a tin whistle is made of tin, what are fog horns made of?

    142

    If iron thus preceded copper in many places, still more must it have preceded bronze, an alloy of copper and tin much less likely than either iron or copper to be made unintentionally.

    143

    If the incrustation be white and readily volatile, arsenic is present, if more difficultly volatile and beads are present, antimony; zinc gives an incrustation yellow whilst hot, white on cooling, and volatilized with difficulty; tin gives a pale yellow incrustation, which becomes white on cooling, and does not volatilize in either the reducing or oxidizing flames; lead gives a lemon-yellow incrustation turning sulphur-yellow on cooling, together with metallic malleable beads; bismuth gives metallic globules and a dark orange-yellow incrustation, which becomes lemon-yellow on cooling; cadmium gives a reddish-brown incrustation, which is removed without leaving a gleam by heating in the reducing flame; silver gives white metallic globules and a dark-red incrustation.

    144

    If the tin is pure it splits into a mass of granular strings.

    145

    If we examine alloys on the tin side we shall find large crystals of tin embedded in the same complex.

    146

    If we melt copper and add to it about 30% of zinc, or 20 of tin, we obtain uniform liquids which when solidified are the well-known substances brass and bell-metal.

    147

    In 1597 Libavius described a "peculiar kind of tin" which was prepared in India, and of which a friend had given him a quantity.

    148

    In 1663 Ienzance was constituted a coinage town for tin.

    149

    In 1796 he was made a member of the Institute, was appointed to a professorship of political economy, and founded tin Journal d'economie publique, de morale et de legislation.

    150

    In 1799 he proved that carbonate of copper, whether natural or artificial, always has the same composition, and later he showed that the two oxides of tin and the two sulphides of iron always contain the same relative weights of their components and that no intermediate indeterminate compounds exist.

    151

    In 1900 tin of good quality was found in the Southern Shan States.

    152

    In 1905 the value of Pittsburg's foundry and machine shop-products was $9,631,514; of the product of steam railway repair shops, $3,726,990 (being 424.8% more than in 1900); of malt liquors, $3,166,829; of slaughtering and meat-packing products, $2,732,027; of cigars and cigarettes, $2,297,228; of glass, $2,130,540; and of tin and terne plate, $1,645,570.

    153

    In 1909, 2041 ships of 2,710,691 tons (1,153,564 being British) entered at Vigo; the imports in that year, including tin and tinplate, coal, machinery, cement, sulphate of copper and foodstuffs, were valued at £481,752; the exports, including sardines, mineral waters and eggs, were valued at 554,824.

    154

    In addition to the separation of the silver the operation extends to the elimination of the last traces of lead, tin, arsenic, &c. which have resisted the preceding cupeilation.

    155

    In fact it is tin, stained to resemble wood a fine example of Victorian ingenuity.

    156

    In Madras also a mica industry has recently grown up. Tin is found in the Tavoy and Mergui districts of Lower Burma, and has for many years been worked in an unprogressive manner chiefly by Chinese labour.

    157

    In metallurgy he devised improved methods for the manufacture of zinc and the purification of silver, tin and other metals.

    158

    In New South Wales lode tin occurs principally in the granite and stream tin under the basaltic country in the extreme north of the state, at Tenterfield, Emmaville, Tingha, and in other districts of New England.

    159

    In other cases, Leyden jars or condensers take the form of sheets of mica or micanite or ebonite partly coated with tin foil or silver leaf on both sides; or a pile of sheets of alternate tin foil and mica may be built up, the tin foil sheets having lugs projecting out first on one side and then on the other.

    160

    In speculum metal there are 2 to 21 parts of copper to 1 of tin.

    161

    In the absence of metallic tin there is no visible change; but, as soon as the metal is introduced, an electrolytic action sets in and the articles get coated over with a firmly adhering film of tin.

    162

    In the Alps and the Danube valley some of the Celts had dwelt from the Stone Age; there they had developed the working of copper, discovered bronze (an alloy of copper and tin), and the art of smelting iron (see Hallstatt).

    163

    In the case of iron, ferric sulphate, Fe2(S04) 3, is produced; tin yields a somewhat indefinite sulphate of its oxide Sn02.

    164

    In the case of some bronzes, for example that with about 25% of tin, the solid solution is soft, and the complex into which it FIG.

    165

    In the cases of aluminium dissolved in tin and of mercury or bismuth in lead, it is at least probable that the molecules in solution are Al 2j Hg 2 and Bit respectively, while tin in lead appears to form a molecule of the type Sn4.

    166

    In the English process the bars are heated cautiously on an inclined hearth, when relatively pure tin runs off, while a skeleton of impure metal remains.

    167

    In the first, the implements are rather of copper than of bronze, tin being absent or in small quantities (2 to 3%); the types are common to Syria and Asia Minor as far as the Hellespont, and resemble also the earliest forms in the Aegean and in central Europe; the pottery is all hand-made, with a red burnished surface, gourd-like and often fantastic forms, and simple geometrical patterns incised; zoomorphic art is very rare, and imported objects are unknown.

    168

    In the former there is a tin and iron manufactory built by the Messrs. Crawshay, at an outlay of £ 100,000.

    169

    In the north of the field, where the limestone crops out and supplies the necessary flux, Merthyr Tydfil has become great through iron-smelting; and in the west Swansea is the chief centre in the world for copper and tin smelting.

    170

    In the reducing flame the bead becomes violet, more readily on the addition of tin; in the presence of iron it becomes blood-red.

    171

    In the second stage, implements of true bronze (9 to io% tin) become common; painted pottery of buff clay with dull black geometrical patterns appears alongside the red-ware; and foreign imports occur, such as Egyptian blue-glazed beads (XIIth-XIIIth Dynasty, 2500-2000 B.C.),1 and cylindrical Asiatic seals (one of Sargon I., 2000 B.C.).2 In the third stage, Aegean colonists introduced the Mycenaean (late Minoan) culture and industries; with new types of weapons, wheel-made pottery, and a naturalistic art which rapidly becomes conventional; gold and ivory are abundant, and glass and enamels are known.

    172

    In the second, the left-handed Shabana turned on his cross court backhand volley nick where Power found the tin.

    173

    In tin it is effected by stamping.

    174

    Indeed, though iron ores abound in many places which have neither copper nor tin, yet there are but few places which have both copper and tin.

    175

    Instead of beans use a small tin of chopped tomatoes on the pitta bread.

    176

    Instead, they became a third, ill-understood source of tin, conceived of as distinct from Spain or Britain.

    177

    Iodine, antimony trichloride, molybdenum pentachloride, ferric chloride, ferric oxide, antimony, tin, stannic oxide and ferrous sulphate have all been used as chlorine carriers.

    178

    Iridosmine occurs commonly with gold or tin in alluvial drifts.

    179

    Iron is obtained near Beja and Evora, tin in the district of Braganza.

    180

    Iron was not known, but copper and tin ores were mined, and the metals combined into bronze of much the same alloy as in the Old World, of which hatchet blades and other instruments were made, though their use had not superseded that of obsidian and other sharp stone flakes for cutting, shaving, &c. Metals had passed into a currency for trading purposes, especially quills of gold-dust and T-shaped pieces of copper, while coco-beans furnished small change.

    181

    Iron, zinc, cadmium, also tin under certain conditions, reduce the dilute acid, partially at least, to nitrous oxide, N 2 0, or ammonium nitrate, NH4N03.

    182

    Ironmongery and steel goods of all kinds, especially locks, machinery, tools and cycles, are produced; there are also tin and zinc works.

    183

    It combines with titanium and tin bichlorides and with antimony trichloride, and it is decomposed by water.

    184

    It has an under glaze blue tin mark on the base.

    185

    It includes diamonds, the majority of which, however, are of a somewhat yellow colour, gold, quicksilver, cinnabar, copper, iron, tin, antimony, mineral oils, sulphur, rock-salt, marble and coal.

    186

    It is a centre of the iron and steel industries, producing principally cast steel, cast iron, iron pipes, wire and wire ropes, and lamps, with tin and zinc works, coal-mining, factories for carpets, calcium carbide and paper-roofing, brickworks and breweries.

    187

    It is also found in the form of rolled lumps and grains, "stream tin," in alluvial gravels; the latter are secondary deposits, the products of the disintegration of the first-named primary deposits.

    188

    It is necessary to remove as completely as possible any lead, tin, bismuth, antimony, arsenic and tellurium, impurities which impair the properties of gold and silver, by an oxidizing fusion, e.g.

    189

    It is placed in tin canisters of about 31 to 5 in.

    190

    It is the chief mining town in Cornwall, and the bulk of the population is engaged in the tin mines or at the numerous tinstreaming works.

    191

    It is turned out of the pots into wide tin vessels or " tagars," in which it is weighed in quantities not exceeding 21 lb.

    192

    It is usually found in association with tin and other minerals.

    193

    It lies on the northward slope of the central elevation of the county, and is in the neighbourhood of some of the most productive tin and copper mines.

    194

    It roared on the tin roof and plunged off the eves, where the wind caught it and drove it across the yard in horizontal sheets.

    195

    It seems most probable, therefore, that the name Cassiterides represents the first vague knowledge of the Greeks that tin was found overseas somewhere in or off western Europe.

    196

    It was a green tin, with a red spot on it.

    197

    It was the first bi-metallic coin issued in the UK since the tin farthings with a copper plug in 1692.

    198

    It's expensive, but to borrow a phrase from a rather different product, it does what it says on the tin.

    199

    Its alloy with tin (bronze) was the first metallic compound in common use by mankind, and so extensive and characteristic was its employment in prehistoric times that the epoch is known as the Bronze Age.

    200

    Its imports during the same year amounted to 899,201 tons, including 172,319 tons of grain and other agricultural produce, 156,620 tons of firewood, 145,255 tons of pig-iron and manufactured iron and steel, 47,201 tons of iron ore, 121,168 tons of copper, -silver, lead, tin and nickel with their ores and alloys, 63,009 tons of zinc, its ores and alloys, 41,029 tons of sulphur ore, phosphates and other raw material for the chemical trade.

    201

    Its interests were economically insignificant until the beginning of the 18th century when the rich deposits of copper and tin began to be vigorously worked at Dolcoath.

    202

    Later writers, Posidonius, Diodorus, Strabo and others, call them smallish islands off (Strabo says, some way off) the north-west coast of Spain, which contained tin mines, or, as Strabo says, tin and lead mines - though a passage in Diodorus derives the name rather from their nearness to the tin districts of north-west Spain.

    203

    Later, when the west was better explored, it was found that tin actually came from two regions, north-west Spain and Cornwall.

    204

    Lead glaze made opaque by the addition of tin ashes.

    205

    Lead is extracted at Pfibram, tin at Graupen in the Erzgebirge, the only place in Austria where this metal is found.

    206

    Lead is of frequent occurrence, and indeed the area through which copper, silver, lead, tin and zinc are distributed in sufficient quantities to make mining answer, comprises at least 80,000 sq.

    207

    Lead ore, tin (Ubangi basin), sulphur and mercury have been discovered.

    208

    Liskeard was made a coinage town for tin in 1304.

    209

    Lode tin, as tinstone derived from primary deposits is often termed, is mined in the ordinary method, the very hard gangue in which it occurs necessitating a liberal use of explosives.

    210

    Maiolica Tin glazed earthenware produced in Italy from the 15th century through the present.

    211

    Manufacturing industry is confined to a few articles and commodities, such as cement, tea, tin cans (for oil), cotton goods, oil refineries, tobacco factories, flour-mills, silk-winding mills (especially at Shusha and Jebrail in the south of Elisavetpol), distilleries and breweries.

    212

    Matthiessen and Bose obtained large crystals of the alloy Au 2 Sn 5, having the colour of tin, which changed to a bronze tint by oxidation.

    213

    Metals such as tin, potassium and sodium, when heated in the gas, form arsenides, with liberation of hydrogen; and solutions of gold and silver salts are reduced by the gas with precipitation of metallic gold and silver.

    214

    Minerals produced in small quantities include gypsum, millstones, salt and sandstone, and among those found but not produced (in 1902) in commercial quantities may be mentioned allanite, alum, arsenic, bismuth, carbonite, felspar, kaolin, marble, plumbago, quartz, serpentine and tin.

    215

    Mines of copper, manganese, lead, silver and tin are in the neighbourhood, and the town possesses a considerable trade in cattle and corn, and industries in brewing and iron-founding.

    216

    Mines varied in size from the smaller tin mines varied in size from the smaller tin mines employing under fifty to the large copper mines employing over a thousand.

    217

    Mispickel occurs in metalliferous veins with ores of tin, copper, silver, &c. It is occasionally found as embedded crystals, for example, in serpentine at Reichenstein, Silesia.

    218

    Mix in 1 Tbsp chopped fresh thyme or 1/2 teaspoon dried; fill each tin with 1/2 teaspoon goat cheese, sprinkle with mushrooms.

    219

    Molten tin is then poured in, a little powdered salammoniac added, and the tin spread over the inside with a bunch of tow.

    220

    Molybdenum, in the form of molybdenite (sulphide of molybdenum), is found in Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria, associated in the parent state with tin and bismuth in quartz reefs.

    221

    Music credits include promos for Gomez, Tin Star, Embrace.

    222

    Newton's fusible metal (named after Sir Isaac Newton) contains 50 parts of bismuth, 31.25 of lead and 18.75 of tin; that of Jean Darcet (1725-1801), 50 parts of bismuth with 25 each of lead and tin; and that of Valentin Rose the elder, so of bismuth with 28 1 of lead and 24 I of tin.

    223

    Next comes English grain tin.

    224

    Next in value came wool (£226,000), horses and mules (£110,000), skins, hides and horns (£106,000), tobacco (£89,000), tin, coal, copper and lead.

    225

    Next to aluminium, tin was found to be the most effective of the metals enumerated above.

    226

    Nicol moved to game ball with a backhand drop and then Power put a backhand boast into the tin.

    227

    No person could keep ' first smelting ' tin for more than 14 days unless it had been officially stamped.

    228

    Not far off, similar relics were found at Sobunar, Zlatiste and Debelobrdo; iron and bronze ornaments, vessels and weapons, often of elaborate design, occur in the huts and cemeteries of Glasinac, and in the cemetery of Jezerine, where they are associated with objects in silver, tin, amber, glass, &c. Among the numerous finds made in other districts may be mentioned the discovery, at Vrankamer, near Bihac, of 98 African coins, the oldest of which dates from 300 B.C. Many vestiges of Roman rule survive, such as roads, mines, ruins, tombs, coins, frescoes and inscriptions.

    229

    Of agricultural produce there was barely sufficient for home consumption, but the mining industries had reached a very high level of excellence, and iron, tin and copper were very largely exported from the northern counties to Danzig and other Baltic ports.

    230

    Of minerals containing this element mention may be made of cassiterite or tinstone, Sn02, tin pyrites, Cu 4 SnS 4 + (Fe,Zn) 2 SnS 4; the metal also occurs in some epidotes, and in company with columbium, tantalum and other metals.

    231

    Of other common types of condenser, we may notice the "spiral" or "worm" type, which consists of a glass, copper or tin worm enclosed in a vessel in which water circulates; and the ball condenser, which consists of two concentric spheres, the vapour passing through the inner sphere and water circulating in the space between this and the outer (in another form the vapour circulates in a shell, on the outside and inside of which water circulates).

    232

    Of the rest, the following are readily oxidized by steam at a red heat, with formation of hydrogen gas - zinc, iron, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, tin.

    233

    Of the several commercial varieties Banka tin is the purest; it is indeed almost chemically pure.

    234

    Of these sodium stannate, Na2Sn03, is produced industrially by heating tin with Chile saltpetre and caustic soda, or by fusing very finely powdered tinstone with caustic soda in iron vessels.

    235

    Of these, 10,700 were employed in goldmining; in coal-mining there were 14,100; silver, 7100; tin, 2750, and copper, 1850.

    236

    Of this class an example is "Babbitt's metal," invented by Isaac Babbitt (1799-1862); it originally consisted of 24 parts of tin, 8 parts of antimony and 4 parts of copper, but in later compositions for the same purpose the proportion of tin is often considerably higher.

    237

    On the island of Palau Brani stand the largest tin-smelting works in existence, which for many years have annually passed through their furnaces more than half the total tin output of the world.

    238

    On the west coast no true lode has yet been discovered, though the vast alluvial deposits of tin found there seem to make such a discovery probable in the future.

    239

    One of the neighbouring mines, the Proprietary, is the richest in the world; gold is associated with the silver; large quantities of lead, good copper lodes, zinc and tin are also found.

    240

    One part of cream of tartar, two of alum and two of common salt are dissolved in boiling water, and the solution is boiled with granulated metallic tin (or, better, mixed with a little stannous chloride) to produce a tin solution; and into this the articles are put at a boiling heat.

    241

    One process involves the electrolytic deposition of tin on to ferrous materials.

    242

    Only two tin lodes are worked, however, and both are situated on the east coast, the one at Kuantan in Pahang, the other at Bandi in Trengganu territory.

    243

    Originally applied to gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, lead and bronze, i.e.

    244

    Other exports are tin and copper, granite, serpentine, vegetables and china clay.

    245

    Other minerals found in small quantities are copper, lead, zinc, iron ores, manganese ores and tin.

    246

    Other precious stones, including the sapphire, emerald, oriental emerald, ruby, opal, amethyst, garnet, chrysolite, topaz, cairngorm, onyx, zircon, &c., have been found in the gold and tin bearing drifts and river gravels in numerous localities throughout the states.

    247

    Other precious stones, including the sapphire, emerald, oriental emerald, ruby, opal, amethyst, garnet, chrysolite, topaz, cairngorm, onyx, zircon, etc., have been found in the gold and tin bearing drifts and river gravels in numerous localities throughout the states.

    248

    Other uses, more or less technical, of the word are, in leather-dressing, for the whole untrimmed hide; in mining and geology, for the "outcrop" or appearance at the surface of a vein or stratum and, particularly in tin mining, of the best part of the ore produced after dressing.

    249

    Other varieties contain small amounts of mercury, tin, manganese or thallium.

    250

    Over five-sixths of the world's total production is derived from secondary alluvial deposits, but all the tin obtained in Cornwall (the alluvial deposits having been worked out) and Bolivia is from vein mining, while a small portion of that yielded by Australasia comes from veins and from granitic rocks carrying disseminated tinstone.

    251

    Owing to the variation in the value of the dielectric constant of glass with the temperature and with the frequency of the applied electromotive force, and also owing to electric glow discharge from the edges of the tin foil coatings, the capacity of an ordinary Leyden jar is not an absolutely fixed quantity, but its numerical value varies somewhat with the method by which it is measured, and with the other circumstances above mentioned.

    252

    Passing to the dentals, except as an initial, tin words that are popularly current and belong to the old stock of the language, can only be derived from Lat.

    253

    Pewter Pewter is an alloy consisting of mainly tin and containing antimony and copper for strength and color, respectively.

    254

    Phosphor bronze Small additions of phosphorus in tin bronze, typically 0.4% to l %, improve the castability of the alloy.

    255

    Place in a covered roasting ting tin, or wrap in foil.

    256

    Platinum, palladium and tin are occasionally deposited for special purposes.

    257

    Pour into cake tin and then sprinkle on the chocolate chips and arrange the pecans on top.

    258

    Pour into lined tin and put a dimple in the middle to stop the cake rising more in the middle.

    259

    Power was rattled again and slammed the next backhand into the tin.

    260

    Precious stones ($43,620,591); fruits and nuts; copper, iron and steel; tobacco (leaf $25,897,650; manufactured, $4,138,521); tin; spirits, wines and liquors; oils, paper, works of art, tea and leather ($16,270,406), being the remaining items in excess of $15,000,000 each.

    261

    Presently the Tin Woodman pushed his way through some heavy underbrush, and almost tumbled headlong into a vast cleared space in the forest.

    262

    Putting aside salt, which has been already treated, the chief mining resources of India at the present day are the coal mines, the gold mines, the petroleum oil-fields, the ruby mines, manganese deposits, mica mines in Bengal, and the tin ores and jade of Burma.

    263

    Pytheas, a navigator of the Phocean colony of Massilia (Marseilles), determined the latitude of that port with considerable precision by the somewhat clumsy method of ascertaining the length of the longest day, and when, about 330 B.C., he set out on exploration to the northward in search of the lands whence came gold, tin and amber, he followed this system of ascertaining his position from time to time.

    264

    Quality bell metal ingots consisting of specific quantities of copper and tin are used to cast handbells.

    265

    Quicksilver and tin are found (the latter in small quantities) in Tuscany.

    266

    Raise the oven temperature to 425 F or Gas mark 7. Place the beef dripping into a roasting ting tin.

    267

    Raw tin (including waste) 2,357 2,581 787 688

    268

    Reduction by means of tin and hydrochloric acid gives a tetrahydro derivative.

    269

    Remove, cool on a wire rack and store in an airtight tin until serving.

    270

    Ruthenium in bulk resembles platinum in its general appearance, and has been obtained crystalline by heating an alloy of ruthenium and tin in a current of hydrochloric acid gas.

    271

    See Vincent'Laureo, 1574-78, et ses depeches inedites (Ital.) (Warsaw, 1877); Augu s tin Theiner, Vetera monuments Poloniae et Lituaniae vol.

    272

    Semi-opacity and opacity are usually produced by the addition to the glass-mixtures of materials which will remain in suspension in the glass, such as oxide of tin, oxide of arsenic, phosphate of lime, cryolite or a mixture of felspar and fluorspar.

    273

    She accepted the coffee and scowled into the tin cup.

    274

    Shoes, mustard, decorated tin, and shooks are manufactured, and fish and lobsters are shipped from here in the season.

    275

    Silks, wood-carvings, silver and jade ornaments, tin and copper wares, fruits and tobacco are the chief articles of the local trade.

    276

    Silver and lead ores exist in the Altai and the Nerchinsk Mountains, as well as, copper, cinnabar and tin.

    277

    Silver bullion, and the copper, tin and zinc required to make up bronze, are bought by the Mint and manufactured into coin, which is kept in stock and issued as it may be required.

    278

    Silver follows gold in importance, but the other minerals met with, including gypsum, mica, petroleum, natural gas, granite, marble and tin are not found in paying quantities.

    279

    Silver was raised in the 12th century, and argentiferous lead is still the most valuable ore mined; tin, iron and cobalt rank next, and coal is one of the chief exports.

    280

    Silver, gold, copper, mercury, lead, tin, antimony and precious stones are found, in some cases in very rich deposits.

    281

    Silver, tin and diamond mines are worked near the town.

    282

    Silver, tin, lead, mercury and precious stones are listed among the mineral resources of the country, but no mines have been developed, and they are possibilities only.

    283

    Since 1890 the tin produced from these alluvial beds has supplied between 50% and 75% of the tin of the world.

    284

    Slate quarries and copper and tin mines were formerly valuable.

    285

    Some considerable number of tin drinkingcups and bowls of the Celtic period have been found in Cornwall in the neighbourhood of the celebrated tin and copper mines, which have been worked from a very early period.

    286

    Some of the tin beads are shaped like segmented faience beads.

    287

    Somebody switched the bones, stole the finger, and took the cigarette tin.

    288

    Spring has shown that by compressing a finely divided mixture of i 5 parts of bismuth, 8 parts of lead, 4 parts of tin and 3 parts of cadmium, an alloy is pro duced which melts at ioo C., that is, much below the meltingpoint of any of the four metals.

    289

    Stannic Chloride, SnC1 4, named by Andreas Libavius in 1605 Spiritus argenti vivi sublimate from its preparation by distilling tin or its amalgam with corrosive sublimate, and afterwards termed Spiritus fumans Libavii, is obtained by passing dry chlorine over granulated tin contained in a retort; the tetrachloride distils over as a heavy liquid, from which the excess of chlorine is easily removed by shaking with a small quantity of tin filings and re-distilling.

    290

    Stannic sulphide, SnS 2, is obtained by heating a mixture of tin (or, better, tin amalgam), sulphur and sal-ammoniac in proper proportions in the beautiful form of aurum musivum (mosaic gold) - a solid consisting of golden yellow, metallic lustrous scales, and used chiefly as a yellow "bronze" for plaster-of-Paris statuettes, &c. The yellow precipitate of stannic sulphide obtained by adding sulphuretted hydrogen to a stannic solution readily dissolves in solutions of the alkaline sulphides to form thiostannates of the formula M 2 SnS 31 the free acid, H2SnS3, may be obtained as an almost black powder by drying the yellow precipitate formed when hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of a thiostannate.

    291

    Stannous bromide, SnBr 2, is a light yellow substance formed from tin and hydrobromic acid.

    292

    Stannous Chloride, SnC1 2, can only be obtained pure by heating pure tin in a current of pure dry hydrochloric acid gas.

    293

    Stannous sulphide, SnS, is obtained as a lead-grey mass by heating tin with sulphur, and as a brown precipitate by adding sulphuretted hydrogen to a stannous solution; this is soluble in ammonium polysulphide, and dries to a black powder.

    294

    Statuary bronze may contain from 80 to 90% of copper, the residue being tin, or tin with zinc and lead in various proportions.

    295

    Subsequently electrum (an alloy of gold and silver) disappeared as a specific metal, and tin was ascribed to Jupiter instead, the sign of mercury becoming common to the metal and the planet.

    296

    Suitably humbled, all David had left to offer was an old tin tray left over from Queen Victoria's Jubilee.

    297

    Take cake out of tin, then pour coffee - chocolate icing all over.

    298

    Tasmania during the last few years has attained the foremost position in the production of tin, the annual output now being about £363,000.

    299

    Tasmania is the largest producer of tin in Australasia, and a very large proportion of the tin hitherto produced has been obtained from alluvial deposits, the lodes, except at Mount Bischoff, having, comparatively speaking, been neglected.

    300

    Tavistock was one of the four stannary towns appointed by charter of Edward I., at which tin was stamped and weighed, and monthly courts were held for the regulation of mining affairs.

    301

    That there are in the Eddas and Sagas early ideas and later ideas tinged by Christian legend seems indubitable, but philological and historical learning has by no means settled the questions of relative purity and antiquity tin the myths.

    302

    The "tin" of the Bible (KauoLTEpos in the Septuagint) corresponds to the Hebrew bedhil, which is really a copper alloy known as early as 1600 B.C. in Egypt.

    303

    The acid used to etch the surface has darkened the parts richest in copper, while those richest in tin remained white.

    304

    The alloys of tin and gold are hard and brittle, and the combination of the metals is attended with contraction; thus the alloy SnAu has a density 14.243, instead of 14.828 indicated by calculation.

    305

    The alluvial extracted, which in the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago carries from 5 to 60 lb of tinstone (or "black tin," as it is termed by Cornish miners) to the cubic yard of gravel, is washed in various simple sluicing appliances, by which the lighter clay, sand and stones are removed and tinstone is left behind comparatively pure, containing usually 65 to 75% of metallic tin (chemically pure tinstone contains 78.7%).

    306

    The annual output of tin ore, which in 1878 amounted to 1 5, 0 45 tons, valued at £530,737, fell to 12,898 tons in 1881, though the value in that year rose to £697,444.

    307

    The basin, made scrupulously clean, is heated to beyond the fusing point of tin.

    308

    The best metals for coinage are gold, silver, platinum, copper, tin, nickel, aluminium, zinc, iron, and their alloys; certain alloys of gold, silver, copper and nickel have the best combination of the required qualities.

    309

    The best utensils for cleaning a barbecue are a wire brush or crumpled tin foil.

    310

    The black films of tin, lead and cadmium dissolve at once in the acid, the lead film being also soluble in bleaching-powder.

    311

    The body of the still is made of copper, with a head and worm, or condensing apparatus, either of copper or tin.

    312

    The Bolivian tin ore is treated by first extracting the silver by amalgamation, &c., and afterwards concentrating the residues; there are, however, considerable difficulties in the way of treating the poorer of these very complex ores, and several chemical processes for extracting their metallic contents have been worked out.

    313

    The borough of Connellsville has various manufactures including iron, tin plate, automobiles and various kinds of machinery; and a state hospital for the treatment of persons injured in mines is located here.

    314

    The brass and bronze industries are carried on at Iserlohn and Altena, those of tin and Britannia metal at Ludenscheid; needles are made at Iserlohn and wire at Altena.

    315

    The bronze used for the British and French copper coinage consists of 95% copper, 4% tin and 1% zinc. Many copper-tin alloys employed for machinery-bearings contain a small proportion of zinc, which gives increased hardness.

    316

    The chief exports consist of rice, rattans, torches, dried fish, areca-nuts, sesamum seeds, molasses, sea-slugs, edible birds' nests and tin.

    317

    The chloride readily combines with water to form a crystallizable hydrate SnCl 2.2H 2 O, known as "tin salt" or "tin crystals."

    318

    The Cornish tin, according to present evidence, was worked comparatively little, and perhaps most in the later Empire.

    319

    The crude tinstuff raised in Cornwall carries on an average a little over 2% of black tin.

    320

    The descent from the summits of the range into the plain is somewhat less abrupt on the western than it is on the eastern side, and between the foot of the mountains and the Strait of Malacca the largest known alluvial deposits of tin are situated.

    321

    The Devonian period, as in Victoria, was marked by a series of granitic intrusions, which altered the older beds on the contact, while the quartz-porphyry dikes, which are intrusive in the Silurian rocks at the Mount Bischoff tin mine, doubtless belong to this period.

    322

    The earliest form of manufacturing was that of household industries, nails, clocks, tin ware and other useful articles being made by hand, and then peddled from town to town.

    323

    The Egyptians obtained silver, iron, copper, lead, zinc and tin, either pure or as alloys, by smelting the ores; mercury is mentioned by Theophrastus (c. 300 B.C.).

    324

    The essential coloring materials are, for blue, copper; green, copper and iron; purple, cobalt; red, haematite; white, tin.

    325

    The exploitation of tin in the south-west is commonly referred back to the time of the Phoenician sea-traders, and in the first half of the 13th century England supplied Europe with this metal.

    326

    The export of tin in 1908 exceeded 5000 tons, valued at over f600,000.

    327

    The first stage has for its purpose the production of a fairly pure tinstone; the second the conversion of the oxide into metallic tin; and the third preparing a tin pure enough for commercial purposes.

    328

    The former have a very extended application in many branches of industry, being used by both founders and smelters in the fusion of metals; in the concentration of poor metallic compounds by fusion into regulus; in the reduction of lead and tin ores; for refining copper and silver; and for making malleable iron by the puddling processes and welding.

    329

    The geographical knowledge of Anaximander was naturally more ample than that of Homer, for it extended from the Cassiterides or Tin Islands in the west to the Caspian in the east, which he conceived to open out into Oceanus.

    330

    The gold, silver and tin of Bolivia occur chiefly in the Palaeozoic rocks of the eastern ranges.

    331

    The granite and marble of Serdobol, and the sandstone of Putilovo, are much used for buildings at St Petersburg; copper and tin from the Pitkaranta mine are exported.

    332

    The import trade consists of timber, maize, paper, crockery, sugar, tobacco, kerosene oil, &c. Gold has been found in the territory, and silver, tin, lead and iron are said to exist.

    333

    The industries are growing, the chief being breweries and distilleries, saw-mills and planing-mills, shipbuilding, fish-curing, the manufacture of machinery, engines, bricks, resin, preserves, enamelled and tin goods, cigars, furniture, soap and leather.

    334

    The industries of the town include sugar-refining, steam mills, brewing, and the manufacture of starch, syrup, spirits, potash and tin ware.

    335

    The iron mines of Elba, and the tin and copper of the mainland, were owned and smelted by the people of Populonia; hot springs too lay some 6 m.

    336

    The island is divided into nine mining districts, including about 120 mines, under government control, with 12,000 workmen, which have produced as much as 12,000 tons of tin in a year.

    337

    The Japanese hand grenades consisted of about 1 lb of high explosive in a tin case; the Russian cases were of all sorts, including old Chinese shell.

    338

    The jar has a certain capacity C which is best expressed in microfarads or electrostatic units (see Electrostatics), and is determined by the surface of the tin foil and thickness and quality of the glass.

    339

    The leading silver minerals are native silver; argentite or silver glance, Ag 2 S, usually containing small amounts of lead, copper and tin; dyscrasite or antimonial silver, Ag 2 Sb to Ag,3Sb, an isomorphous mixture of silver and antimony; proustite or light red silver ore, Ag 3 AsS 3; pyrargyrite or dark red silver ore, Ag 3 SbS 3; stephanite, Ag 5 SbS 4; miargyrite, AgSbS2; stromeyerite, CuAgS; polybasite, 9(Cu 2 S,Ag 2 S) (Sb 2 S 3, As 2 S 3); cerargyrite or horn silver, AgCI; bromite or bromargyrite, AgBr; embolite, Ag(C1,Br); iodite or iodargyrite, AgI.

    340

    The lighter part surrounding them was liquid before the chill; it is rich in tin.

    341

    The Lucky Strike tin is a common one, but some containers sell for a whole lot more than that.

    342

    The mean concentration of tin in canned spaghetti from a previous JFSSG survey of canned products was 66 mg/kg.

    343

    The mean concentration of tin in canned spaghetti from a previous JFSSG survey of canned spaghetti from a previous JFSSG survey of canned products was 66 mg/kg.

    344

    The metal can be reduced by magnesium, zinc, cadmium, iron, tin, copper and substances like hypophosphorous acid from acid solutions or from alkaline ones by formaldehyde.

    345

    The metal has a blue-grey colour, and may be obtained in the crystalline state by solution in tin.

    346

    The metal was also melted down and mixed with tin to make pewter.

    347

    The metals chiefly used in the arts have been gold, silver, copper and tin (the last two generally mixed, forming an alloy called bronze), iron and lead (see the separate articles on these metals).

    348

    The metals used in different combinations included tin, aluminium, arsenic, antimony, bismuth and boron; each of these, when united in certain proportions with manganese, together with a larger quantity of copper (which appears to serve merely as a menstruum), constituted a magnetizable alloy.

    349

    The metals, which by combination with oxygen became oxides, were antimony, silver, arsenic, bismuth, cobalt, copper, tin, iron, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, gold, platinum, lead, tungsten and zinc; and the "simple earthy salifiable substances" were lime, baryta, magnesia, alumina and silica.

    350

    The mineral resources include silver, gold, copper, lead, tin, iron and coal, and mining is the chief industry.

    351

    The mineral wealth is great, including copper, tin, lead, zinc, iron and especially coal.

    352

    The minerals discovered in Guatemala include gold, silver, lead, tin, copper, mercury, antimony, coal, salt and sulphur; but it is uncertain if many of these exist in quantities sufficient to repay exploitation.

    353

    The minerals of Siam include gold, silver, rubies, sapphires, tin, copper, iron, zinc and coal.

    354

    The mining industry, for which the town was formerly also famous and which embraced tin, silver and cobalt, has now ceased.

    355

    The most characteristic is the " pan," a circular dish of sheetiron or " tin," with sloping sides about 13 or 14 in.

    356

    The most important form of the operation is making tinned from ordinary sheet iron (making what is called "sheet tin").

    357

    The most marked advances from 1900 to 1905 were in worsted goods (61.4%) structural iron-work (60%), and tin and terne-plate (54.4%) Philadelphia is the great manufacturing centre.

    358

    The Mount Bischoff mine, which is worked as an open quarry, is the largest producer of tin, and (with an original capital of £30,000) has paid over two millions sterling in dividends.

    359

    The nature of the breeding-place varies greatly according to the species, and while many of the mosquitoes that infest houses will breed even in the smallest accidental accumulation of water such as may have collected in a discarded bottle or tin, the larvae of other species less closely associated with man are found in natural pools or ditches, at the margins of slow-moving streams, in collections of water in hollow trees and bamboo-stumps, or even in the water-receptacles of certain plants.

    360

    The number of tin miners in the state is about 1170.

    361

    The old as was composed of the mixed metal aes, an alloy of copper, tin and lead, and was called as libralis, because it nominally weighed 1 lb or 12 ounces (actually io).

    362

    The original top stratum is the purest, and each succeeding lower stratum has a greater proportion of impurities; the lowest consists largely of a solid or semi-solid alloy of tin and iron.

    363

    The oxide films of antimony, arsenic, tin and bismuth are white, that of bismuth slightly yellowish; lead yields a very pale yellow film, and cadmium a brown one; mercury yields no oxide film.

    364

    The oxymuriate of tin used by dyers is SnCl4.5H20.

    365

    The phenomena which succeed each other are then very similar, whether A and B are two metals, such as lead and tin or silver and copper, or are a pair of fused salts, or are water and common salt.

    366

    The precipitate formed by sulphuretted hydrogen may contain the black mercuric, lead, and copper sulphides, dark-brown bismuth sulphide, yellow cadmium and arsenious sulphides, orange-red antimony sulphide, brown stannous sulphide, dull-yellow stannic sulphide, and whitish sulphur, the last resulting from the oxidation of sulphuretted hydrogen by ferric salts, chromates, &c. Warming with ammonium sulphide dissolves out the arsenic, antimony and tin salts, which are reprecipitated by the addition of hydrochloric acid to the ammonium sulphide solution.

    367

    The presence of minute quantities of cadmium, lead, bismuth, antimony, arsenic, tin, tellurium and zinc renders gold brittle, 2 ' 0 15th part of one of the three metals first named being sufficient to produce that quality.

    368

    The principal articles of export are sugar, tobacco, copra, forest products (various gums, &c.), coffee, petroleum, tea, cinchona, tin, rice, pepper, spices and gambier.

    369

    The principal industrial establishment is the metalfoundry of Sainte-Marguerite, where copper, tin and other metals are worked; there are also flour-mills, saw-mills and dye-works.

    370

    The principal industrial establishments are shingle (especially cedar) and saw-mills, salmon canneries and factories for the manufacture of tin cans, and machinery used in the canning of salmon.

    371

    The principal industry of the province is that of mining, its mineral resources including gold, silver, copper, nickel, tin, cobalt, coal, alum and salt.

    372

    The principal items of export are wool, skins, tallow, frozen mutton, chilled beef, preserved meats, butter and other articles of pastoral produce, timber, wheat, flour and fruits, gold, silver, lead, copper, tin and other metals.

    373

    The principle of applying metallic films to glass seems to have been known to the Romans and even to the Egyptians, and is mentioned by Alexander Neckam in the 12th century, but it would appear that it was not until the 16th century that the process of " silvering " mirrors by the use of an amalgam of tin and mercury had been perfected.

    374

    The produce of the Eastern Islands is also collected at its ports for re-exportation to India, China and Europe - namely, gold-dust, diamonds, camphor, benzoin and other drugs; edible bird-nests, trepang, rattans, beeswax, tortoiseshell, and dyeing woods from Borneo and Sumatra; tin from Banka; spices from the Moluccas; fine cloths from Celebes and Bali; and pepper from Sumatra.

    375

    The product is ground under water, and any unchanged yellow form is eliminated by boiling with caustic soda, the product being then washed and dried and finally packed in tin boxes.

    376

    The product obtained by adding tin to copper is more fusible than copper and thus better suited for casting; it is also harder and less malleable.

    377

    The region PbEeE' contains all the alloys that commence their solidification by the crystallization of lead; similarly, the other two regions correspond to the initial crystallization of bismuth and tin respectively; these areas are the projections of the three sheets of the freezing-point surface.

    378

    The revenue of Netherlands India has been derived mainly from customs, excise, ground-tax, licences, poll-tax, &c., from monopolies - opium, salt and pawn-shops (the management of which began to be taken over by the government in 1903, in place of the previous system of farming-out), coffee, &c., railways, tin mines and forests, and from agricultural and other concessions.

    379

    The rock solid aluminum interior casing has gone, to be replaced by tin sheeting folded over the main board.

    380

    The rocks are best known by the limestones in the lead mining field at Zeehan, and the slates, including the tin mine of Mount Bischoff.

    381

    The Romans used it largely, as it is still used, for the making of water pipes, and soldered these with an alloy of lead and tin.

    382

    The sal-ammoniac removes the last unavoidable film of oxide, leaving a purely metallic surface, to .which the tin adheres firmly.

    383

    The same results were obtained with lead and tin; and a more elaborate repetition indubitably established their correctness.

    384

    The silk and cement industries are confined largely to the eastern cities and boroughs; the coke, tin and terne-plate, and pickling industries to the western; and the construction and repair of railway cars to Altoona, Meadville, Dunmore, and repair of railway cars to Altoona, Meadville, Dunmore, Chambersburg, Butler and Philadelphia.

    385

    The slime so obtained consists of finely divided gold and silver (5-5 0%), zinc (30-60%), lead (io%), carbon (io%), together with tin, copper, antimony, arsenic and other impurities of the zinc and ores.

    386

    The smallest elements, such as plastic hair curlers, toy cars, and a crushed tin can are nearest the center.

    387

    The sodium compound was first obtained by Wohler on reducing sodium tungstate with hydrogen; coal-gas, zinc, iron or tin also effect the reduction.

    388

    The solid alloy consists of crystals of pure tin in juxtaposition with crystals of almost pure lead and bismuth, these two metals dissolving each other in solid solution to the extent of a few per cent only.

    389

    The solution is filtered and treated with an excess of sulphuretted hydrogen, either in solution or by passing in the gas; this precipitates mercury (mercuric), any lead left over from the first group, copper, bismuth, cadmium, arsenic, antimony and tin as sulphides.

    390

    The sources of tin in Europe are practically restricted to Cornwall and Saxony.

    391

    The specific gravity of cast tin is 7.29, of rolled tin 7.299, and of electrically deposited tin 7.143 to 7.178.

    392

    The specimens should be collected when the capsules are just appearing above or in the colesule or calyx; if kept in a damp saucer they soon arrive at maturity, and can then be mounted in better condition, the fruit-stalks being too fragile to bear carriage in a botanical tin case without injury.

    393

    The staple productions are machinery, railway engines and carriages, steel, tin and bronze wares, pottery, bent and carved wood furniture, textiles and chemicals.

    394

    The steel bronze of Colonel Franz Uchatius (1811-1881) consisted of copper alloyed with 8% of tin, the tenacity and hardness being increased by cold-rolling.

    395

    The sulphochloride of the acid on reduction with tin and hydrochloric acid gives hexahydrothiophenol,.

    396

    The superintendent, who is a naval officer, has to investigate the magnetic character of the ships, to point out the most suitable positions for the compasses when a ship is designed, and subsequently to keep himself informed of their behaviour from the tin g e of the ship's first trial.

    397

    The surface of vessels may be spangled with gold or platinum by rolling the hot glass on metallic leaf, or iridescent, by the deposition of metallic tin, or by the corrosion caused by the chemical action of acid fumes.

    398

    The temperature is then raised, and the scum which forms on the surface is withdrawn until pure litharge forms, which only takes place after all the tin, arsenic and antimony have been eliminated.

    399

    The tin and copper mines were booming and a new industry china clay grew out of nothing.

    400

    The tin foil sheets have lugs attached which project beyond the glass.

    401

    The tin lode varied in width from between one to twenty inches.

    402

    The tin mines in Lower Burma are worked by natives, but a company at one time worked mines in the Maliwun township of Mergui by European methods.

    403

    The tin occurs in the form of cassiterite, and is found chiefly in or near the crystalline rocks, especially the granite.

    404

    The tin of the second bath dissolves iron gradually and becomes fit for the first bath.

    405

    The tomb was opened in 1 774, and on the king's head was found an imitation crown of tin or latten gilt, with trefoils rising from its upper edge.

    406

    The total annual yield of the tin mines is about 15,000 tons, and of the coal mines 240,000 tons.

    407

    The total exports (foreign and coastwise) from Swansea during 1907 amounted to 4,825,898 tons, of which coal and coke made up 3, 6 55, 0 5 0 tons; patent fuel, 679,002 tons; tin, terne and black plates, 348,240 tons; liron and steel and their manufactures, 38,438 tons; various chemicals (mostly the by-products of the metal industries), 37,100 tons; copper, zinc and silver, 22,633 tons.

    408

    The total value of tin produced in Australia is nearly a million sterling per annum, and the total production to the end of 1905 was £22,500,000, of which Tasmania produced about 40%, New South Wales one-third, Queensland a little more than a fourth.

    409

    The two ingredients revealed by this process are not pure copper and pure tin, but each material contains both metals.

    410

    The two sloping lines cutting at the eutectic point are the freezing-point curves of alloys that, when they begin to solidify, deposit crystals of lead and tin respectively.

    411

    The upside-down forks feature the latest generation of internal components and TiN coated stanchions to achieve minimal sliding friction.

    412

    The use of tin salts, especially stannic chloride, SnC1 4, enables dyers to weight all colours the same as black.

    413

    The vexed question of the presence of coal and tin in the Nicobars has so far received no decided scientific support.

    414

    The weather changed; the sunlight, which had been like tin for weeks, assumed the hues of topaz.

    415

    The whole is then left to itself, when crystals of tin gradually separate out on the bottom of the basin.

    416

    The yield of iron ore is almost one million tons annually, while gold, silver, tin, graphite and salt are also mined.

    417

    The yield of tin in Victoria is very small, and until lately no fields of importance have been discovered; but towards the latter end of 1890 extensive deposits were reported to exist in the Gippsland district - at Omeo and Tarwin.

    418

    Then the furnaces fire up to prepare the molten bronze - a mix with 22 or 23% tin is used.

    419

    There are, however, differences of treatment in detail, because copper is more malleable and softer than tin plate.

    420

    There is a large export trade in coal, I copper, iron and tin, mostly shipped from nieghbouring ports, while the principal imrorts are timber and general merchandise.

    421

    These are chiefly silver and lead, the layers of both of which are very extensive, tin, nickel, copper and iron.

    422

    These crystals have a long aspect ratio, and hence are known as tin whiskers.

    423

    These include bauxite, iron, manganese, tin and copper.

    424

    These salts are like those of tin; and the resemblance to this metal is clearly enhanced by the study of the alkyl compounds.

    425

    These were gutted and boiled up in an old tin bath under a rock overhang.

    426

    They are called Kehs by the Malays, and are of the same tribes as those which furnish the bulk of the workers to the tin mines of the Malay Peninsula.

    427

    They are next steeped in a bath, first of molten ferruginous, then of pure tin.

    428

    They are then taken out and kept suspended in hot tallow to enable the surplus tin to run off.

    429

    They may be said to possess a series of bronzes, in which gold and silver replace tin and zinc, all these alloys being characterized by patina having a wonderful range of tint.

    430

    They split the silicious rocks with stonehammers,and then chipped Metal- Gold, silver, copper, pure or mixed with tin or silver, thread, but in the Gulf states the existence of excellent cane and grasses gave opportunity for several varieties of weaving.

    431

    This in conjunction with the emerging foreign opencast mining, reduced the price of tin put the Cornish mining industry under dire financial pressure.

    432

    This is the case with gold, silver, copper, tin, lead and others, and especially with low carbon steel, which is first cast as an ingot, then annealed and rolled into plates as well as the thinnest sheets.

    433

    This is the case with the copper-tin alloys containing less than 9% by weight of tin; a microscopic examination reveals only one material, a copper-like substance, the tin having disappeared, being in solution in the copper.

    434

    This precipitate is insoluble in cold dilute acids, in ammonium sulphide, and in solutions of the caustic alkalis," a behaviour which distinguishes it from the yellow sulphides of arsenic and tin.

    435

    This salt is also formed by dissolving tin in strong hydrochloric acid and allowing it to crystallize, and is industrially prepared by passing sufficiently hydrated hydrochloric acid gas over granulated tin contained in stoneware bottles and evaporating the concentrated solution produced in tin basins over granulated tin.

    436

    This theory was supported by the French physician Jean Ray, who showed also that in the cases of tin and lead there was a limit to the increase in weight.

    437

    Thus arsenic, antimony, bismuth, tin or zinc render the metal brittle, so that it fractures under a die or rolling mill; copper, on the other hand, increases its hardness, makes it tougher and more readily fusible.

    438

    Thus in the Speculum Naturale of Vincent of Beauvais (c. 1250) it is said that there are four spirits - mercury, sulphur, arsenic and sal ammoniac - and six bodies - gold, silver, copper, tin, lead and iron.

    439

    Thus the protoand per-salts of iron, as well as the protoand per-salts of tin, including also a large variety of tannin, sumac, divi-divi, chestnut, valonia, the acacias (Areca Catechu and Acacia Catechu from India), from which are obtained cutch and gambier, &c., are no longer used solely as mordants or tinctorial matters, but mainly to serve the object of converting the silk into a greatly-expanded fibre, consisting of a conglomeration of more or less of these substances."

    440

    Thus, a shallow tin vessel, such as the lid of a biscuit box, may be levelled and filled with tap-water through a rubber hose.

    441

    Tin (68%) and opium (27.8%) are the principal exports, and textiles (71%), mostly cottons, and tobacco (4%) are the chief imports.

    442

    TiN 2 is a dark blue powder obtained when the oxide is ignited in an atmosphere of ammonia; while TiN is obtained as a bronze yellow mass as hard as the diamond by heating the oxide in an atmosphere of nitrogen in the electric furnace.

    443

    Tin amalgam is used for "silvering" mirrors, gold and silver amalgam in gilding and silvering, cadmium and copper amalgam in dentistry, and an amalgam of zinc and tin for the rubbers of electrical machines; the zinc plates of electric batteries are amalgamated in order to reduce polarization.

    444

    Tin and antimony (also arsenic) are converted by it (ultimately) into hydrates of their highest oxides Sn0 2, Sb205 (As 2 O 5) - the oxides of tin and antimony being insoluble in water and in the acid itself.

    445

    Tin and gold are worked in the district, in which also good coffee and rice are grown.

    446

    Tin and japanned goods..

    447

    Tin and tin wares..

    448

    Tin compounds when heated on charcoal with sodium carbonate or potassium cyanide in the reducing blowpipe flame yield the metal and a scanty ring of white Sn02.

    449

    Tin forms two well-marked series of salts, in one of which it is divalent, these salts being derived from stannous oxide, SnO, in the other it is tetravalent, this series being derived from stannic oxide, Sn02.

    450

    Tin has been manufactured since 1892.

    451

    Tin is abundant in Tenasserim, and lead and silver have been worked extensively in the Shan States.

    452

    Tin is also mined in Katanga, but up to 1921 little had been done to exploit its iron and gold deposits and diamondiferous areas.

    453

    Tin is found on the western edge of the Katanga copper belt and extends north along the banks of the Lualaba.

    454

    Tin is generally quantitatively estimated as the dioxide.

    455

    Tin is known, especially in Siak.

    456

    Tin is obtained from Kuils river, near Cape Town.

    457

    Tin is removed mainly as a powdery mixture of stannate of lead and lead oxide, arsenic and antimony as a slagged mixture of arsenate and antimonate of lead and lead oxide.

    458

    Tin is too weak and brittle a metal to be employed alone for any but small objects.

    459

    Tin is worked in the rivers of the New England tableland as at Vegetable Creek.

    460

    Tin mining and smelting have been largely carried on in the neighbourhood, and several galleries were worked far under the sea.

    461

    Tin ore is obtained almost exclusively in Cornwall.

    462

    Tin ore of excellent quality is found in the province of Bauchi, alkali salts are abundant in Kano province, iron ore and red and yellow ochres are found in Kontagora and other provinces, kaolin (china clay) and limestone in the west central regions.

    463

    Tin ores have been widely discovered, but though much has been hoped for from them, particularly from the deposits in the Black Hills region of South Dakota, there has been no more than a relatively insignificant commercial production.

    464

    Tin unites with lead in any proportion with slight expansion, the alloy fusing at a lower temperature than either component.

    465

    Tin was known to exist in Australia from the first years of colonization.

    466

    Tin which has been thus manipulated and proved incidentally to be very pure is sold as grain tin.

    467

    Tin, at high temperatures, passes slowly into oxide, Sn02.

    468

    Tin, or what is called tin, is worked in Bawlake.

    469

    Tin,,,less absorbed in.

    470

    Tinware was manufactured in Berlin, Hartford county, as early as 1770, and tin, steel and iron goods were peddled from Connecticut through the colonies.

    471

    Titanic oxide separates out as a white hydrate, which, however, is generally contaminated with ferric hydrate and often with tin oxide.

    472

    To inorganic acids, except hydrochloric, it is highly resistant, ranking well with tin in this respect; but alkalis dissolve it quickly.

    473

    To remove it, Oxland fuses the ore with a certain proportion of carbonate of soda, which suffices to convert the tungsten into soluble alkaline tungstate, without producing noteworthy quantities of soluble stannate from the oxide of tin; the tungstate is easily removed by treatment with water.

    474

    To remove tin, arsenic and antimony, the lead has to be brought up to a bright-red heat, when the air has a strongly oxidizing effect.

    475

    To tin cast-iron articles they must be decarburetted superficially by ignition within a bath of ferric oxide (powdered haematite or similar material), then cleaned with acid, and tinned by immersion, as explained above.

    476

    Type-metal is an alloy of lead with antimony and tin, to which occasionally a small quantity of copper or zinc is added.

    477

    Under all these three conditions the diamond is associated with fragments of the rocks of the country and the minerals derived from them, 'especially quartz, hornstone, jasper, the polymorphous oxide of titanium (rutile, anatase and brookite), oxides and hydrates of iron (magnetite, ilmenite, haematite, limonite), oxide of tin, iron pyrites, tourmaline, garnet, xenotime, monazite, kyanite, diaspore, sphene, topaz, and several phosphates, and also gold.

    478

    Under Mahommedan influence Hindu clothing developed into " suits," consisting of five pieces for men, hence called pancho tuk kapra - (z) head-dress, (2) dhoti, (3) coat, (4) chaddar or sheet, (5) bathing cloth; and three for women, hence called tin tuk - (i) dhoti, (2) jacket, (3) shawl.

    479

    Up to 1857 the utmost the dyer could add was " weight for weight," but an accidental discovery that year put dyers into the way of using tin salts in weighting with the result that they were enabled to add 40 oz.

    480

    Use the mixture to line a 20 x 30cm tart tin.

    481

    Use to line a lightly oiled 23cm (9 inch) spring release cake or deep flan tin.

    482

    Valuable indications of tin have been found to the north of the Kibyen plateau, and have attracted the attention of the Niger Company.

    483

    Various compounds of the alkali metals with bismuth, antimony, tin and lead have been prepared in a pure state.

    484

    Washington is in a bituminous coal and natural gas region, and there are manufactories of glass, iron tubing and pipe, tin plate, steel, &c. The site was part of a tract bought in 1771 by David Hoge and was known at first as Catfish camp after an Indian chief, Tingooqua or Catfish.

    485

    Water, the carbonates and sulphates, and probably phosphates, and the metals platinum, gold, silver, cadmium, tin and copper have a specific cohesion double that of mercury.

    486

    We all crammed back into our tin can to drive 30 seconds around the corner to the lagoon.

    487

    We are opposing the owners of the former Wesleyan ' tin tabernacle ' at Hebden Bridge who wish to demolish.

    488

    We have used the transparent conductor indium tin oxide to fabricated electrode arrays with approximately 500 electrodes spaced at 60 Am.

    489

    We see however the similarity of the metal-working of both countries at approximately the same time; both are in the same style of artistic development, the Egyptian perhaps the more advanced of the two, and (if the published analysis by Mosso is to be relied upon) with the additional technique of the alloy with tin, making the metal bronze, and so easier for the heads to be cast.

    490

    We thus learn that the bronzes referred to above, although chemically uniform when solid, are not so when they begin to solidify, but that the liquid deposits crystals richer in copper than itself, and therefore that the residual liquid becomes richer in tin.

    491

    Westlake took an immediate interest in four pieces of bargain glassware and a couple of tin kitchen utensils.

    492

    When glass tubes are used it is better to employ tubes thicker at the ends than in the middle, as it has been found that when the safe voltage is exceeded and the glass gives way under electric strain, the piercing of the glass nearly always takes place at the edges of the tin foil.

    493

    When heated with hydriodic acid (specific gravity 1.96) it forms amino-acetic acid, and with tin and hydrochloric acid it yields ethylene diamine.

    494

    When quite pure it is somewhat harder than tin, and its hardness is considerably increased by rolling.

    495

    Whence the Egyptians and a little later on the Babylonians got their tin for the alloy we do not yet know.

    496

    While geographical knowledge of the west was still scanty and the secrets of the tin-trade were still successfully guarded by the seamen of Gades and others who dealt in the metal, the Greeks knew only that tin came to them by sea from the far west, and the idea of tin-producing islands easily arose.

    497

    Why would someone who switched the bones take the cigarette tin?

    498

    With one-third its weight of water it forms the so-called "butter of tin."

    499

    Without further purification it is also used for "souring" in bleaching, and in tin and lead soldering.

    500

    You couldn't bear to let loose of a ten dollar cigarette tin.