Caterpillars on garlic mustard, however, often pupate on the stems of the plant on which they fed.
Mulch soil under plants to prevent leafminer larvae from reaching the soil to pupate.
The caterpillars burrow into soft dry sand to pupate in summer, emerging the following year.
The final instar is normally collected (slide 14) before the caterpillars fall to the ground and pupate just below the soil surface.
The grubs, when hatched, start galleries nearly at right angles to this, and when fully grown form oval cells in which they pupate; from these the young beetles emerge by making circular holes directly outward through the bark.
The leaves fall and the larvae pupate in the leaf litter to emerge as adult females in the spring.
These larvae mature then pupate to form the first cohort of worker ants.
These larvae pupate in the soil, new adults hatching out in the autumn.
They then pupate in a cocoon among leaf litter throughout the winter months.
When fully grown the larvae pupate and a few days later they emerge as the first worker bumble bees of the year.