A chest X-ray is more helpful in excluding other diagnoses (e.g. pneumothorax ), but may show a wedge shaped pulmonary infarct.
A facility that addresses both issues in Chesapeake sleep is Regional Pulmonary and Sleep.
A is the condition of insinking of the sternal surface and consequent enclosure of the lamelligerous surface of the appendage in a chamber with narrow orifice - the pulmonary air - holding chamber.
A large pulmonary embolus which blocks the main blood vessels to the lungs will be fatal.
A law enacted in 1909 forbids a marriage in which either of the parties is a common drunkard, habitual criminal, epileptic, imbecile, feeble-minded person, idiot or insane person, a person who has been afflicted with hereditary insanity, a person who is afflicted with pulmonary tuberculosis in its advanced stages, or a person who is afflicted with any contagious venereal disease, unless the woman is at least forty-five years of age.
A pulmonary embolism can be a very serious, and in some cases fatal, condition.
According to the American Heart Association (AHA), patients with pulmonary hypertension benefit from remaining as "active as physically possible."
Air pollutants aggravate chronic pulmonary disease in children and cause decreased pulmonary performance in exercising children and teenagers.
An alternative, to prevent recurrence of pulmonary embolus, is an inferior vena caval filter.
An examination is required to determine whether a pulmonary specialist is necessary or not.
Appropriate amounts of exercise, performed at a frequency which doesn't overtax you may help you to improve your quality of life with pulmonary hypertension.
Arterial switch, to correct transposition of the great arteries, involves connecting the aorta to the left ventricle and connecting the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle.
As early as three months of age, however, the SCID child begins to suffer from mouth infections (thrush), chronic diarrhea, otitis media, and pulmonary infections, including pneumocystis pneumonia.
As pulmonary hemorrhage a logit model americans are uninsured.
As the heart responds to the increased demands for more oxygenated blood by pumping harder, the pulmonary artery has to change in size and shape in order to adapt to the increased amount and force of the blood.
At highest risk are boys, premature infants, infants living in urban locations, babies who have not been breastfed, and babies with chronic pulmonary, cardiac, or immune conditions.
At the same time, blood in the lungs goes to the left atrium, the left ventricle, but then back to the lungs rather than going to the body because the pulmonary artery is connected to the left ventricle.
Atrial tachycardia is focal in origin, commonly from muscle sleeves within the pulmonary veins.
Balloon valvuloplasty uses a balloon-tipped catheter to open a narrowed heart valve, improving the flow of blood in pulmonary stenosis.
Before pursuing any exercise with pulmonary hypertension, it is essential that you talk with your doctor to determine the appropriate types of exercise, as well as how intensely you can exercise and the appropriate duration.
Before visiting a sleep center, it is often necessary to have an evaluation with a primary care physician, a pulmonary specialist, a neurologist or an ENT specialist for referrals.
Blood clots - including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
Blood clots in the renal arteries are uncommon, but when they do occur, there is a risk of pulmonary embolism, a dangerous condition that occurs when the clot or a portion of the clot dislodges and travels to the lungs.
Certain types of exercise may also induce pulmonary hypertension.
Chest x rays are too insensitive to show damage to delicate respiratory tissues but can show fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema).
Cod-liver oil may be given in all wasting diseases, and is occasionally valuable in cases of chronic rheumatoid arthritis; but its great therapeutic value is in cases of tuberculosis of whatever kind, and notably in pulmonary tuberculosis or consumption.
Cyanotic defects include truncus arteriosus, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, tricuspid atresia, and pulmonary atresia.
Depending on the cause of the disease, as well as the types and amounts of exercise performed, some moderate exercises may benefit pulmonary hypertension, while other types of exercise may magnify its effects.
Doing cardiovascular exercises will not only strengthen your heart, but also strengthen your pulmonary system and allow your body's oxygen delivery system to operate optimally.
Dr. Frank is an internist specializing in pulmonary sleep medicine.
Ductus arteriosus refers to an open passageway-or temporary blood vessel (ductus)-that carries blood from the heart via the pulmonary artery to the aorta before birth.
Ductus-The blood vessel that joins the pulmonary artery and the aorta.
During surgery, the pulmonary valve is widened, the ventricular septal defect is closed, and any interim correction is removed.
Each hospital has pulmonary specialists on staff who can work with sleep apnea patients as well.
Efficacy has been shown in primary pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary hypertension associated with connective tissue disease.
Eisenmenger's complex is a ventricular septal defect coupled with pulmonary high blood pressure, an enlarged right ventricle, and sometimes an aorta that is not positioned correctly.
Eisenmenger's syndrome-A condition in which high pressures in the pulmonary arteries cause them to thicken.
Engaging in moderately intense cardiovascular activity, such as walking or aerobics, is unlikely to increase pulmonary arterial pressure.
Except for the arterial blood gas tests and pulse oximetry, pulmonary function tests should not be given to patients who have had a recent heart attack, or who have certain other types of heart disease.
Following the Heimlich maneuver, dysphagia (swallowing difficulty) and obstructive pulmonary edema (fluid accumulation in the lungs) may occur and require medical treatment.
Following the Heimlich maneuver, dysphagia (swallowing difficulty) and obstructive pulmonary edema (fluid accumulation in the lungs) may occur.
For tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia, or pulmonary atresia, the shunt procedure creates a passage between blood vessels, sending blood into parts of the body that need it.
For transposition of the great arteries, venous switch creates a tunnel inside the atria to re-direct oxygen-rich blood to the right ventricle and aorta, and venous blood to the left ventricle and pulmonary artery.
For tricuspid atresia and pulmonary atresia, the Fontan procedure connects the right atrium to the pulmonary artery directly or with a conduit, and the atrial defect is closed.
For very young obstructive sleep apnea sufferers, Children's Specialty Group (CSG) offers pulmonary specialists for infants, young children, and adolescents.
Forced diuresis should not be used since it does not enhance salicylate excretion and may cause pulmonary edema.
Gainesville is well known as a winter resort, and its climate is especially beneficial to persons affected by pulmonary troubles.
Garlic may also be prescribed as an extract consisting of the inspissated juice, in doses of 5-io grains, and as the syrupus allii aceticus, in doses of 1-4 drachms. This last preparation has recently been much extolled in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis or phthisis.
Having a dry healthy climate, it is a favourite residential town and a resort for invalids, being recommended especially for pulmonary disease.
He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, at the age of sixteen, but took no degree, his course being interrupted by severe pulmonary attacks which compelled a long residence abroad.
He served his residency in Internal Medicine at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, and completed a fellowship in Pulmonary Medicine at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill.
High altitude pulmonary edema triggered by vocal cord stenosis.
However when dealing with patients who have decompression illness or migraine, large pulmonary shunts are numerically more important.
However, about 50 percent of fetuses with CDH do not survive after birth because their lungs are too small (pulmonary hypoplasia).
However, no tests were performed to determine whether or not he had suffered a pulmonary embolism.
However, the only prospective clinical study shows no increased risk of crippling pulmonary disease (chronic bronchitis and emphysema ).
Hypotension is the more common feature associated with obstruction of the pulmonary circulation.
I suffer from pulmonary fibrosis, which affects my breathing.
If the opening does not close on its own, it needs to be repaired to prevent the pulmonary arteries from becoming thickened and blocked due to increased blood flow.
If the pressure in the lungs is higher than that of the heart and body, blood returning to the heart will take the short cut back into the aorta from the pulmonary artery through the PDA instead of going to the lungs.
If this condition (pulmonary vascular obstructive disease) is left untreated, it can increase the risk of death by 25 percent.
If you have been diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension, medical intervention is necessary.
If you have led a sedentary lifestyle prior to a diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension, these programs provide the supervision to help you gradually increase your activity levels.
In 1876 Clifford, a man of high-strung and athletic, but not robust, physique, began to fall into ill-health, and after two voyages to the South, died during the third of pulmonary consumption at Madeira, on the 3rd of March 1879, leaving his widow with two daughters.
In addition to his labours on neurological and even physiological problems he made many contributions to other branches of medicine, his published works dealing, among other topics, with liver and kidney diseases, gout and pulmonary phthisis.
In higher specialized forms these branchial processes become first of all limited to five segments of the mesosoma, then sunk beneath the surface as pulmonary organs, and finally atrophied, their place being taken by a well-developed tracheal system.
In infants with pulmonary problems, tracheal intubation (an airway placed in the trachea) may be performed.
In more serious disease states, such as severe asthma or moderate pulmonary embolism, respiratory alkalosis may occur.
In pulmonary atresia, the baby lacks a pulmonary valve and blood cannot flow properly from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and on to the lungs.
In pulmonary stenosis, the pulmonary valve does not open properly, forcing the right ventricle to work harder.
In some cases, the increase in size and shape changes the pressure in the pulmonary artery and lungs.
In specialized forms these pulmonary sacs are wholly or partly replaced by tracheal tubes.
In the north, however, the hot lowlands are malarial and unsuited to north European settlement, while the dry, elevated plateaus are celebrated for their healthiness, those of Catamarca having an excellent reputation as a sanatorium for sufferers from pulmonary and bronchial diseases.
In those with carcinoid syndrome features of pellagra, tricuspid regurgitation or pulmonary stenosis may be present.
In transposition (reversal of position) of the great arteries, the positions of the pulmonary artery and the aorta are reversed, causing oxygen-rich blood to re-circulate to the lungs while oxygen-poor blood goes to the rest of the body.
In women, cigarette smoking is a direct cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Increased exercise ventilatory control despite haemodynamic and pulmonary abnormalities.
Individuals suffering from pulmonary phthisis are encouraged to live night and day in the open, and with the best results.
Inhalation of 2 to 4 mg of reactor-grade plutonium may cause death within about a month from pulmonary fibrosis or pulmonary edema.
Instead, the pulmonary veins drain through abnormal connections to the right atrium.
Investigations Children presenting with an acute pulmonary bleed will have a reduced hemoglobin and widespread bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray.
It is always associated with significant pulmonary contusion resulting in hypoxia.
It is occasionally malignant with local recurrence and pulmonary spread.
It is said that pulmonary tuberculosis is unknown in these altitudes, though it is common in the coast districts.
It is usually associated with cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or another chronic disease that progresses very slowly.
Its alkalo-saline springs, especially efficacious in pulmonary and urinary complaints, were known as early as 1316, but fell into disuse until rediscovered early in the 19th century.
Large CCAMs can limit lung development, causing pulmonary hypoplasia.
Learning to recognize when you are pushing your body too hard may help manage pulmonary hypertension as you exercise.
Lewis has a history of health problems, including the chronic lung ailment, pulmonary fibrosis.
Listening to an older child or adult breathe usually enables pediatricians, family physicians, and pulmonary specialists to estimate where an airway obstruction is located.
Located midway between Dallas and Fort Worth, the Texas Pulmonary Sleep Center can be found in Arlington, Texas.
Long term damage to the lung tissue may lead to death from progressive pulmonary fibrosis.
Louis, by his researches on pulmonary consumption and typhoid fever, had the chief merit of refuting the doctrines of Broussais.
Many conditions exist that may cause secondary pulmonary hypertension, including heart failure, lung disease, drug use, pulmonary emboli, sleep disorders, altitude sickness, and systemic diseases, such as lupus.
Many hospitals and medical facilities offer medically supervised pulmonary hypertension rehabilitation programs to teach you how to exercise with the condition while heeding your body's signals.
Many pulmonary infections in early childhood, including those due to Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and respiratory syncytial virus, have been linked with an increased risk for wheezing and asthma.
Many sleep specialists focus on pulmonary health as well.
More severe side effects include drug dependency, severe skin disorder, and primary pulmonary hypertension.
Nevertheless, mouse models of CF clearly demonstrate a range of abnormal pulmonary phenotypes as a result of the Cftr mutation.
No ctenidium, but a pulmonary cavity; heart with a single auricle, not traversed by the rectum.
No organisms were detected by bronchoalveolar lavage and the pulmonary function tests suggested emphysema with air trapping, hyperinflation and markedly reduced diffusion capacity.
No tracheate Crustacea are known, but some terrestrial Isopoda develop pulmonary in-sinkings of the integument.
None of the patients developed pulmonary hypertension during the trial and none of the three patients with pre-existing pulmonary hypertension deteriorated.
None were visible on main pulmonary artery angiography due to reversal of flow in the affected pulmonary artery branches.
Normally, the pulmonary artery carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
One of the major goals of treatment is to prevent the blood clot in the renal vein from detaching and moving into the lungs (pulmonary embolism), where it can cause serious complications.
Other pulmonary function tests may be performed to measure how efficiently the lungs are working.
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a heart defect that occurs in infants when the ductus arteriosus (the temporary fetal blood vessel that connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery) does not close at birth.
Patent ductus arteriosus-A congenital defect in which the temporary blood vessel connecting the left pulmonary artery to the aorta in the fetus doesn't close after birth.
Pathophysiology covers how the disease affects the pulmonary arteries and other organs.
Patients with a recent history of pulmonary infiltrates or pneumonia may be at higher risk.
Peninsula Pulmonary Associates is part of the Riverside Health Systems in eastern Virginia.
Peninsula Pulmonary Associates offers help for people who may suffer from sleep apnea due to potential heart problems or underlying medical conditions.
Possible complications include anesthesia problems, infections, injury to the intestine, and pulmonary embolism.
Previous studies have demonstrated improved survival after complete resection of pulmonary and hollow viscus gastrointestinal metastases.
Pulmonary artery banding, narrowing the pulmonary artery with a band to reduce blood flow and pressure in the lungs, is used for ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular canal defect, and tricuspid atresia.
Pulmonary artery catheter â a tiny tube inserted into the artery connecting the heart to the lungs.
Pulmonary artery-An artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs.
Pulmonary edema can result from fluids leaking into the alveoli (air sacs) of the lung.
Pulmonary embolism-Blockage of an artery in the lungs by foreign matter such as fat, tumor tissue, or a clot originating from a vein.
Pulmonary function tests are a group of procedures that measure how well the lungs are functioning.
Pulmonary function tests help a doctor to diagnose respiratory diseases and disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and emphysema, and mechanical injury by measuring the degree of lung impairment.
Pulmonary function tests may also be performed.
Pulmonary hypersensitivity allergic reactions that affect the lungs and result in rashes and fever may be caused by nitrofurantoin and sulfasalazine.
Pulmonary hypertension is a serious disorder, and can lead to many complications including blood clots, heart failure, and even death.
Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure affecting the arterial structures of the lungs on the right side of your body.
Pulmonary hypertension-A disorder in which the pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs is abnormally high.
Pulmonary problems include both obstructive and restrictive lung disease, with symptoms of exertional dyspnea, sleep apnea, and reduced pulmonary endurance.
Pulmonary problems may be linked to sleep disorders.
Pulmonary thromboembolism is a commonly recognized disorder in human medicine.
Pulmonary tuberculosis is usually diagnosed by chest X-ray and/or sputum analysis (microscopy and culture ); serological tests are increasingly available.
Pulmonary tuberculosis is usually diagnosed by chest X-ray and/or sputum analysis (microscopy and culture); serological tests are increasingly available.
Pulmonary valve A valve at the junction of the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.
Pulmonary vasodilators These are used to reduce the lung artery pressure, to treat pulmonary hypertension.
Radioactive microspheres are subsequently injected into a vein so they lodge within the pulmonary arterioles and a second picture is taken.
Rarer causes of poor response include the presence of congenital anomalies such as choanal atresia, diaphragmatic hernia or pulmonary hypoplasia.
Regrettably, toward the end of his service, he contracted pulmonary tuberculosis.
Right heart insufficiency and pulmonary hypertension may precipitate bradycardia and systemic hypotension, when the organic iodine solution is injected.
Robert Goulet - singer and actor, passed away from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis on October 30 at age 73.
Seasonal variation in fatal pulmonary embolism has been well documented by at least 23 reports comprising nearly 11 000 cases.
Secondary pulmonary hypertension exists as a result of an underlying condition.
Simple PAVMs have a single feeding artery leading to single draining pulmonary vein.
Six or seven species of mosquitoes are also the intermediate hosts of Filaria immitis, which infests the right auricle and pulmonary artery of the dog, and occurs throughout the tropics, in southern Europe, the United States of America, and elsewhere.
Some doctors specialize in surgery, others in pulmonary, neurology and behavioral issues while others in alternative treatments such as dental appliances.
Some patients require treatments that include pulmonary specialists for the sleep disorder.
Supplementary treatment may also be necessary to help repair the parasite's damage to the heart and lungs, and the animal may be susceptible to pulmonary infections for some time afterwards.
Symptoms of an H type fistula include frequent pulmonary infections and bouts of abdominal bloating.
Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension may include cyanosis (blueish tint to skin and lips), palpitations, ankle and stomach swelling, fatigue, and shortness of breath, especially while exercising.
Taken together, pulmonary function tests give a good picture of how much air is moving in and out of the lungs and how efficiently oxygen is moved into the blood and carbon dioxide is moved out.
The " dup " sound is caused by the closing of the aortic and pulmonary valves at the beginning of ventricular diastole.
The air-bladder of this fish furnishes isinglass, little, if at all, inferior to that obtained from the sturgeon, while from the liver is obtained cod-liver oil, largely used in medicine as a remedy in scrofulous complaints and pulmonary consumption (see CODLIVER OIL).
The anhidrotic action of atropine is largely employed in controlling the night-sweats so characteristic of pulmonary tuberculosis, small doses of the solution of the sulphate being given at night.
The blood arrives back to the left atrium of the heart via the pulmonary veins.
The climate has a beneficial effect on pulmonary diseases, especially in their earlier stages, and is remarkable in arresting the decay of vital power consequent upon old age.
The days are usually hot and the nights cold, the variations in temperature being a fruitful cause of bronchial and pulmonary diseases.
The dryness of the air proves very beneficial to persons suffering from pulmonary complaints.
The ductus arteriosus is a temporary fetal blood vessel that connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery before birth.
The following figure shows the pressure in the main pulmonary artery in the dog during a period of hypoxia.
The glaciated rocks of the glen are clothed with vegetation of peculiar luxuriance, flourishing in the mild climate which has given Glengarriff its high reputation as a health resort for those suffering from pulmonary complaints.
The hypophosphites have been recommended in pulmonary affections, being said to act as free phosphorus without being irritant, and the glycero-phosphates are certainly useful to stimulate metabolism.
The Karroo is admirably adapted to sufferers from pulmonary complaints.
The Kocher's incision often promotes pulmonary atelectasis and had a significant dehiscence rates.
The low humidity, high altitudes and southern latitude all combine to make the climate salubrious and especially beneficial to persons suffering with pulmonary disorders.
The major defects are a large hole (ventricular septal defect) between the ventricles, which allows oxygen-poor blood to mix with oxygen-rich blood, and narrowing at or beneath the pulmonary valve.
The malady causing the greatest number of deaths is that of pulmonary consumption; but better housing accommodation has of late years reduced the mortality from this disease very considerably.
The meeting of the coxae of all the prosomatic limbs in front of the pentagonal sternum; the space for a genital operculum; the pair of pectens, and the absence of any evidence of pulmonary stigmata are noticeable in this specimen.
The most common obstruction defects are pulmonary valve stenosis, aortic valve stenosis, and coarctation of the aorta.
The often-cited description of the pulmonary circulation (which occurs in the 1546 draft) begins p. 169; it has escaped even Sigmond that Servetus had an idea of the composition of water and of air; the hint for his researches was the dual form of the Hebrew words for blood, water, &c. Two treatises, Desiderius (ante 1542) and De tribus impostoribus (1598) have been wrongly ascribed to Servetus.
The only thing doctors had to do was balloon the stent in his pulmonary artery.
The organization also suggests that strenuous activity may increase pulmonary pressure.
The posterior pulmonary sacs (except in Hypochilus) replaced by tracheal tubes; the anterior and posterior pairs replaced by tracheal tubes in the Caponiidae.
The pre-test probability of pulmonary embolic disease should be determined.
The pressure between the heart and lungs of an individual affected by PDA causes some of the oxygenated blood that should go out to the body (through the aorta) to return back through the PDA into the pulmonary artery.
The problem starts very early in the uterus with a narrowed pulmonary valve and a hole between the ventricles.
The pulmonary artery takes the blood immediately back to the lungs.
The pulmonary vein carries the blood from the right ventricle of the heart into the lungs.
The pulmonary vessels form the rich plexus of capillaries around the alveoli.
The right anterior corner of the right ventricle passes into the short stem, guarded by three semi-lunar valves, which divides into the two pulmonary arteries.
The right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary artery and blood reaches the aorta through a patent ductus arteriosus (see description in the previous section).
The surface activity of pulmonary surfactant from diving mammals.
The symptoms of pulmonary hypertension may restrict activity, and pursuing activities that don't increase symptoms or performing mild exercise while utilizing oxygen may be helpful if your doctor tells you that you can.
The ventricle on the left side pumps blood full of oxygen through the body; the ventricle on the right side pumps the same blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs to take up oxygen.
There are likewise two pulmonary veins, entering the left atrium by one orifice.
There are many types of pulmonary function tests.
There are two great arteries that transport blood away from the heart, the pulmonary artery and the aorta.
There is a great deal of disagreement in medical and fitness communities about performing exercise with pulmonary hypertension.
These drugs will help keep the clot from increasing in size and help prevent pulmonary embolism.
These internal parasites are transmitted through mosquito exposure and lodge themselves in your dog's heart and pulmonary system.
They will be able to properly diagnose OHS through tests eliminating other pulmonary causes including cancer and other diseases.
This article describes cutaneous manifestations of selected pulmonary conditions and other associations between the skin and lung.
This burning can be a cause for lung cancer and other pulmonary diseases.
This condition enlarges the air spaces in the lungs and is responsible for causing damage to them.Cigarette smoking also causes Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
This is called pulmonary embolism or PE and is a common cause of sudden, unexpected death.
This may occur suddenly, as when the resistance is increased in the arterial system by a e on f sudden exertion or strain, and more slowly when the resistance is increased in the pulmonary circulation of the by inflammation of the respiratory passages.
This process is normally complete by the time the blood has passed about one third of the way along the pulmonary capillary.
This will include pneumothorax occurring as a result of positive-pressure ventilation (over-pressure pulmonary barotrauma ).
To correct aortic stenosis, the Ross procedure grafts the pulmonary artery to the aorta.
To the left of the ctenidium a pulmonary sac, separated from it by an incomplete septum, am phibious.
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return is a condition in which the pulmonary veins that bring oxygen-rich blood from the lungs back to the heart are not connected to the left atrium.
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a birth defect causing a fatal condition in which there is a reversal, or switch, in the primary connections of the two main (great) blood vessels to the heart, the aorta and pulmonary artery.
Transposition of the great arteries also can be corrected by the Damus-Kaye-Stansel procedure, in which the pulmonary artery is cut in two and connected to the ascending aorta and the farthest section of the right ventricle.
Treatment Successful surgery will usually prevent the continuance of pulmonary hypertension, and the development of Pulmonary Vascular Disease.
Truncus arteriosus is a complex malformation in which only one artery comes from the heart and forms the aorta and pulmonary artery.
Typhoid and pulmonary diseases are common.
Untreated atrial septal defect can lead to pulmonary hypertension, chest infection, Eisenmenger's syndrome, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, stroke, or right-sided heart failure.
Used as an herbal treatment for pulmonary complaints and kidney and bladder infections.
Very rarely, severe OHSS may be complicated by pulmonary embolism, ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction.
Vorona is an associate professor in the Division of Sleep Medicine, and is board certified in Sleep Disorders, Pulmonary Medicine, and Internal Medicine.
Welch produced oedema of the lungs experimentally by increasing the pressure in the pulmonary vessels by ligature of the aorta and its branches, but this raised the blood pressure only about one-tenth of an atmosphere, while in some of Loeb's experiments the osmotic pressure, due to retained metabolic products, was equal to over thirty atmospheres.
With the exception of arterial blood gas, pulse oximetry, and total lung capacity, pulmonary function tests are performed using spirometry (from the Greco-Latin term meaning "to measure breathing").
You may also have your lungs scanned to check for a pulmonary embolism.