During this decline, the foreign Asiatic settlers began to seize control of the delta region,
eventually coming to power in Egypt as the Hyksos.
After retreating south,
the native Theban kings found themselves trapped between the Canaanite Hyksos ruling the north and the Hyksos' Nubian allies,
the Kushites, to the south.
Horses were introduced by the Hyksos in the Second Intermediate Period,
and the camel, although known from the New Kingdom, was not used as a beast of burden until the Late Period.