All four mono-hydroxyxanthones are known, and are prepared by heating salicylic acid with either resorcin, pyrocatechin or hydroquinone; they are yellow crystalline solids, which act as dyestuffs.
For example, the C-Clarifying Serum contains 10 percent prescription strength vitamin C and four percent prescription strength hydroquinone to promote a brighter, more even skin tone.
Free hydroxylamine reduces it to hydroquinone.
Hydroquinone is listed as the first ingredient on the label.
Hydroquinone, however, has been flagged by Good Guide as a chemical that can cause irritation.
If they bother you, you can cover them with concealing makeup or try a gentle bleaching agent containing hydroquinone.
If you want to hasten the process, use over-the-counter skin creams designed to lighten dark spots; many of these contain hydroquinone, a bleaching ingredient.
In the alkaline environment of the urine, arbutin is converted into another chemical, called hydroquinone, which kills bacteria.
On boiling with water it decomposes into quinone and hydroquinone.
On fusion with caustic potash it decomposes with formation of tetrahydroxy-benzophenone, which then breaks up into resorcin and hydroquinone.
Over-the-counter skin bleaches don't contain as much of the active ingredient hydroquinone as prescription bleaches and may be used in less severe cases.
Photographic developers often contain hydroquinone and these are also well worth investigating.
Quinhydrone, C 6 H40 2 -C 6 H 4 (OH) 2, is formed by the direct union of quinone and hydroquinone or by careful oxidation of hydroquinone with ferric chloride solution.
The active ingredients in the fading creams are hydroquinone for fading and the sunscreen octinoxate.
These creams contain the chemical Hydroquinone, which is under question with the FDA for potentially causing cancer and other skin ailments.
While scars eventually fade on their own, people with deep complexions may want to speed the process along with products containing hydroquinone.