A comparison between the exports and imports of the years 1886 and 1905 will give an exact idea of the rate at which the port of Venice developed.
A dangerous bar at the mouth of the river permits the entrance only of the smaller coasting steamers, but the port is an important commercial centre, and exports considerable quantities of cotton, hides, manicoba, rubber, fruit, and palm wax.
A great proportion of the exports goes to the mother country, though a considerable quantity of rice is exported to China.
A review of Indian trade by the director-general of the statistical department in India is annually presented to parliament, and there- Exports.
A third difficulty is the comparatively small tonnage and volume of Italian exports relatively to the imports, the former in 1907 being about one-fourth of the latter, and greatl out of proportion to the relative value; while a fourth is the lac of facilities for handling goods, especially in the smaller ports.
About 90% of the total exports and imports of the country pass through the port, though the completion, in 1904, of a broad-gauge railway connecting Cairo and Port Said deflected some of the cotton exports to the Suez Canal route.
According to an official report issued early in 1909 there had been a heavy decrease in both imports and exports, the former being returned at $36,195,469 and the latter at $54,300,896 for the six months ending the 31st of December 1908.
According to consular reports the value of the exports and imports which passed through the Tabriz custom-house during the years 1867-73 averaged L593,800 and f1,226,660 (total for the year, I,820,460); the averages for the six years 1893-9 were £212,880 and £544,530.
According to the custom-house returns the value of the foreign imports and exports in the year 1880 was L691,954 and L1,117,790 respectively, besides a large native trade carried on in junks.
After Europe the largest shares of exports are taken by North America, Asia and Oceania, South America and Africa in order.
After the Restoration, to appease the planters, doubtful as to the title under which they held the estates which they had converted into valuable properties, the proprietary or patent interest was abolished, and the crown took over the government of the island; a duty of 41% on all exports being imposed to satisfy the claims of the patentees.
Aidin is on the SmyrnaDineir railway, has large tanneries and sweetmeat manufactories, and exports figs, cotton and raisins.
Aisne imports coal, iron, cotton and other raw material and machinery; it exports cereals, live-stock and agricultural products generally, and manufactured goods.
Among its exports are sugar, coffee, cacao, tobacco and fruit.
Among its natural productions are lemons, citrons, olives, wine and honey; it also exports a considerable quantity of valonia.
Among the exports may be noticed minerals, wines and spirits, tobacco, hides, live animals; and among the imports, groceries, cotton and cereals.
Among the minor exports is that of bambara or sea-slugs, which are sent to Hong-Kong and Singapore.
Among the new industries are sugar and coffee plantations, while cotton, ground-nuts and rubber figure increasingly among the exports, cotton and cottonseed being of special importance.
An active trade is carried on in corn, wine and timber (exports), and manufactures and grocery wares (imports).
An examination of its lists of exports and imports will show that Holland receives from its colonies its spiceries, coffee, sugar, tobacco, indigo, cinnamon; from England and Belgium its manufactured goods and coals; petroleum, raw cotton and cereals from the United States; grain from the Baltic provinces, Archangel, and the ports of the Black Sea; timber from Norway and the basin of the Rhine, yarn from England, wine from France, hops from Bavaria and Alsace; ironore from Spain; while in its turn it sends its colonial wares to Germany, its agricultural produce to the London market, its fish to Belgium and Germany, and its cheese to France, Belgium and Hamburg, as well as England.
An idea of the extent of the growth of the fibre may be gathered from the fact that the exports for 1905 amounted to 28,877 bales at a value of nearly £700,000.
As nearly as can be estimated, the total imports into Siberia amount approximately to £5,000,000, the amount having practically doubled between 1890 and 1902; the total exports average about £9,000,000.
As regards the cultivation of the soil Syria remains stable; but the soil is becoming relatively poorer, the value of the imports constantly gaining upon that of the exports.
As, however, this decline was accompanied with a considerable decrease in the proportion of the country's exports which passed through the port of New York, interest in the canals revived, and in 1903 the electorate of the state authorized the issue of bonds to the amount of $101,000,000 for the purpose of increasing the capacity of the Erie, the Champlain and the Oswego canals, to make each navigable by barges of 1000 tons burden.
Astoria is the port of entry for the Oregon Customs District, Oregon; in 1907 its imports were valued at $21,262, and its exports at $329,103.
At the present time America exports a considerable quantity of wine, and there is some trade in the United Kingdom in Californian " claret."
Bangkok, with an annual trade valued at £13,000,000, easily overtops all the rest of the country, the other ports together accounting for a total of imports and exports not exceeding £3,000,000.
Before 1886 exports exceeded imports; but in the twenty subsequent years there was an invariable excess of exports, valued in all at £52,000,000.
Before that time timber had been one of its most important exports.
Before the middle of the 19th century coffee became one of the leading exports, and its cultivation in the states of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Geraes has been so increased since that time that it represents over four-fifths in value of the total export of agricultural produce.
Before the war 60 to 70% of the imports came from Belgium, which also took the bulk of the exports.
Besides fruits and agricultural produce, its exports include raw silk, [[Cotton (disambiguation)|cotton, opium, ]]-water, attar of roses, wax and the dye known as Turkey red.
Besides lead, the exports include grapes, sugar and esparto.
Besides these, tonka beans, anatto, vanilla, and castor-oil seeds form a part of the exports.
Between 1872 and 1903 exports of canned fruits increased from 91 to 94,205 short tons; between 1880 and 1903 the increase of dried fruit exports was from 295 to 149,531 tons; of fresh deciduous fruits, from 2590 to 101,199; of raisins, from 400 to 39,963; of citrus fruits, from 458 to 299,623; of wines and brandies between 1891 and 1903, from 47,651 to 97,332 tons.
Both exports and imports are about stationary, the Angora railway having neutralized any tendency to rise.
Brandy distilleries are numerous, and there is some trade in wood; but no local industry can rival agriculture and stock-breeding, which furnish the bulk of the exports.
Buffalo is the port of entry of Buffalo Creek customs district; in 1908 its imports were valued at $6,708,919, and its exports at $26,192,563.
But it is highly significant that while the exports of British silk manufactures have not decreased, the imports in the meantime have shown a marked expansion.
But when the results of these tables proved the importation to be very much greater than the exportation, the conviction arose that the valuation of thc exports was erroneous and below the reality.
Cabinet woods, fruit, tobacco, sugar, wax, honey and cattle products are the leading exports.
Caca.0 (cocoa) is cultivated extensively in the Amazon Valley and along the coast as far south as southern Bahia, and forms one of the leading exports.
Callias And Hipponicus The exports from Callao are guano, sugar, cotton, wool, hides, silver, copper, gold and forest products, and the imports include timber and other building materials, cotton and other textiles, general merchandise for personal, household and industrial uses, railway material, coal, kerosene, wheat, flour and other food stuffs.
Cane sugar and vanilla are the chief exports.
Cattle, phosphate of lime and salt, manufactured from a lake in the interior, are the principal exports, the market for these being the neighbouring island of St Thomas.
Cereals, cotton, forest products, cattle, and hides, and brass and copper vessels are the chief exports from the district.
Chief exports are coal, stone, woollen goods and machinery; imports, butter, fruit, indigo, logwood, timber and wool.
Coal, textiles and iron and steel goods figure prominently amongst the imports, and emery, leather, lemons, sponges, flour, valonia and iron ore amongst the exports.
Coffee and rubber, however, represent from 80 to 90% of the official valuation of all exports.
Commerce is lively and the exports to foreign countries are very considerable.
Consulates of Great Britain, Germany, France, Russia and Turkey and several European mercantile houses are established at Bushire, and notwithstanding the drawbacks of bad roads to the interior, insufficient and precarious means of transport, and want of security, the annual value of the Bushire trade since 1890 averaged about £1,500,000 (one-third being for exports, two-thirds for imports), and over two-thirds of this was British.
Cotton has always been the principal source of wealth, the amount of its exports at Mobile increasing from 7000 bales in 1818 to 25,000 bales in 1821, and the total product of the state in 1840 being double that of 1830.
Cotton yarn and cloth, petroleum, timber and furs are among the chief imports; copper, tin, hides and tea are important exports; medicines in the shape not only of herbs and roots, but also of fossils, shells, bones, teeth and various products of the animal kingdom; and precious stones, principally jade and rubies, are among the other exports.
Cromwell's policy in this respect was continued under the Restoration, and in 1660 a committee of the privy council was appointed for the purpose of obtaining information as to the imports and exports of the country and improving trade.
Dairy-farming is also on the increase, and the foreign exports of butter rose from 1930 cwt.
Divided into these classes the imports and exports (special trade) for quinquennial periods from 1886 to 1905 averaged as shown in the preceding table.
During 1901-1903 there were no exports of cotton, and in 1904 only 70 bales were sent out.
During that period rubber fell from being 77% to 15 in value of the exports of produce of the colony, though the quantity exported-3,000-4,000 tons - was about the same.
During the American military occupation of the island in 1899-1902, of the total imports 45.9% were from the United States, 14 from other American countries, 15 from Spain, 14 from the United Kingdom, 6 from France and 4 from Germany; of the exports the corresponding percentages for the same countries were 70.7, 2, 3, To, 4 and 7.
English coal is foremost among the imports, which also include timber and grain, while iron ore, Caen stone,' butter and eggs and fruit are among the exports.
Eure-et-Loir exports the products of its soil and live-stock; its imports include coal, wine and wearing apparel.
Europe takes, of course, a large share of the exports of finished manufacturesa little more than a third of the total in the quinquennial period 1903-1908; but North America takes but very slightly less.
Excellent fruits are produced in its vicinity, and its exports include cacao, coffee, sugar, hides, tobacco and sundry products in small quantities.
Except the diamonds, which go to London via Cape Town, all the exports are taken by the neighbouring territories.
Exports (principally coffee and wax) are valued at about £55,000 annually, and imports at about the same amount.
Exports are all kinds of manufactured goods, such as cotton, linen, woollen, worsted and leather goods, machinery and hardware.
Exports are wool, preserved meat and timber.
Exports during war, and of arms at any time, were prohibited.
Exports in 1890 were valued at 591,746 pounds; they also fluctuated greatly, falling to 316,072 pounds in 1893, but standing at 863,828 in 1901, and having a further increase in some subsequent years.
Exports in 1904 were valued at £419,642, the principal items being agricultural products (oranges, lemons, carobs, almonds, grapes, valonia, &c.), value £153,858, olives and products of olives-(oil, soap, &c.), £134,788, and wines and liquors, £48,544.
Exports include timber, mine-props, turpentine, resinous material from the Pyrenees and Landes and zinc ore; leading imports are the coal and Spanish minerals which supply the large metallurgical works of Le Boucau at the mouth of the river, the raw material necessary for the chemical works of the same town, wine, and the cereals destined for the flour mills of Pau, Peyrehorade and Orthez.
Exports of less value, but worthy of special notice, are vegetables and wool, bones and tallow, also dairy machinery, and finally cement, the production of which is a growing industry.
Exports of produce of the protectorate increased in value from £97,000 to £200,000, imports for home consumption from £111,000 to £189,000, the transit trade from £20,000 to £34,000.
Flax is one of the principal exports of this region, timber being another.
For example, in 1884 imports were valued at 170,113 pounds and exports at 95,377 pounds.
For exports, the price includes all charges within the territory, but drawbacks and bounties are not taken into account.
For the fiscal year1908-1909the imports were valued at £2,945,000, the exports at £3,558,000.
For the four years beginning on June 30, 1902, that is immediately after the close of hostilities, the imports increased from £2,460,000 to £4,053,000, the exports from £285,000 to £3,045,000.
For the last thirty years the average increase in the output has been 22% per annum, and that in the exports (including bunkers) 42% per annum.
For the six years1903-1904to1908-1909the imports increased from £147,000 to £419,000, and the exports - produce of the protectorate - from £43, 000 to £127,000.
For the three years, 1905-1907, the average annual value of the imports and exports, excluding the transit trade with Rhodesia, was, imports £200,000, exports £90,000.
For the year 1898-9 the present writer obtained figures directly from the books kept by the custom-house official at Tabriz, and although, as this official informed him, some important items had not been entered at all, the value of the exports and imports shown in the books exceeded that of the consular reports by about io per cent.
From 1820 up to 1880 agricultural products made up with remarkable steadiness almost exactly four-fifths of all exports of domestic merchandise.
From 1914 onward copper and palm kernels and oil were the chief exports.
From Algeria the imports were £656,000; to Algeria the exports were £185,000.
From Cartagena the principal exports are metallic ores, esparto grass, wine, cereals and fruit.
From guano an immense revenue was derived during the third quarter of the 19th century and it is still one of the largest exports.
From the Egyptian and Assyrio-Babylonian monuments we learn that in ancient times one of the principal exports of Syria was timber; this has now entirely ceased.
From the record of actual exports and a comparison of the most authoritative estimates of total production, it may be said that from 1848 to 1856 the yield was almost certainly not less than $450,000,000, and that about 1870 the billion dollar mark had been passed.
Germany has a large share of the exports.
Goat skins, eggs and beeswax are the principal exports, cotton goods, tea, sugar and candles being the chief imports.
Great attention is paid to poultry farming and beekeeping, and the exports from these sources are considerable.
Guatemala is surpassed only by Brazil and the East Indies in the quantity of coffee it exports.
He was bound by the pacta conventa which he signed on his accession to maintain a fleet on the Baltic. He proposed to do so by levying tolls on all imports and exports passing through the Prussian ports which had been regained by the truce of Stumdorf.
Holguin has trade in cabinet woods, tobacco, Indian corn and cattle products, which it exports through its port Gibara, about 25 m.
Hong-Kong being a free port, there are no official figures as to the amount of trade; but the value of the exports and imports is estimated as about £50,000,000 in the year.
Honolulu's total exports for the fiscal year 1908 were valued at $4 2, 2 3 8, 455, and its imports at $19,985,724.
Iannina had previously been one of the chief centres of the Thessalian grain trade; it now exports little except cheese, hides, bitumen and sheepskins to the annual value of about £120,000; the imports, which supply only the local demand for provisions, textile goods, hardware, &c., are worth about double that sum.
Imports are charged 8%, exports 1% ad valorem duty.
Imports are mainly from Germany, exports to Germany and to other West African colonies.
Imports were valued at £72,286 in1899-1900(an increase of over £20, I Io in the year), and exports (including the gold mines) at £56,167, while in 1905 the figures were £67,188 for imports and £73,669 for exports, and in 1906 £79,671 and £80,290 respectively.
Imports, principally timber, grain, cotton and linseed, increased owing to these improvements from L116,179 in 1881 to £816,698 in 1899; and exports (coal, machinery and manufactured goods) from £83,000 in 1883 to £261,873 in 1899.
In 1853, however, the grape disease attacked the vineyards; and thenceforward the production of cochineal, which had been introduced in 1825, took the place of viticulture so completely that, twenty years later, the exports of cochineal were worth £556,000.
In 1864 the exports were valued at £2,249,000; in 1868 at £2,339,000; in 1877 at £4,201,000 and in 1880 at £3,634,000.
In 1872 the value of thc imports was placed at 173,400,000 and that of the exports al 124,700,000.
In 1880 the value of imports from the United States was $2,086,000, that of exports to the United States was $4,606,000; in 1907 the value of shipments of domestic merchandise from the United States to Hawaii was.
In 1886 the total value of exports to foreign countries amounted to £7,239,479; of imports, £8,788,012.
In 1894 the excess of imports over exports fell to 2,720,000, but by 1898 it had grown to 8,391,000, in consequence chiefly of the increased importation of coal, raw cotton and cotton thread, pig and cast iron, old iron, grease and oil-seeds for use in Italian industries.
In 1895 began a marked commercial revival, mainly due to the steady conversion of the colony's waste lands into pasture; the development of frozen meat and dairy exports; the continuous increase of the output of coal; the invention of gold-dredging; the revival and improvement of hemp manufacture; the exploiting of the deposits of kauri gum; the reduction in the rates of interest on mortgage money; a general rise in wages, obtained without strikes, and partially secured by law, which has increased the spending power of the working classes.
In 1896 the value of exports was £1,785,000; in 1908 the value was £9,622,000.
In 1898 the gold dust and bar exports from Bluefields were of the value of £25,760; in 1900, £62,000; and in 1907, £65,000.
In 1898-1899 the imports from Kandahar to India were valued at 330,000 Rx, and the exports from India to Kandahar at about 264,000 Rx.
In 1899 the excess of imports over exports fell to 3,006,000; but since then it has never been less than 12,000,000,
In 1900 the total had risen to £820,000, of which £480,000 was for imports and £340,000 for exports, the share of France in that year having been 45% of imports and 47% of exports.
In 1905 exports reached a value of £3,816,000, and imports a value of £4,834,000 (not including treasure and transit trade).
In 1905 imports into Kaiser Wilhelms Land were valued at £33,316, and exports at £7702, and the estimated expenditure for1907-1908of £76,000 included an imperial subvention of £57,696.
In 1905 the exports to foreign countries valued £11,650,932, the imports £13,659,306.
In 1905 the figures wereimports, 371,000,000 and exports, 292,000,000, including precious metals.
In 1905 the value of factory products was $4,254,024 (an increase of 37.7% over the value in 1900); the exports in 1907 were valued at $852,457; the imports were valued at $994,47 2, the excess over the exports being due to the fact that the food supply of the city is derived from other Florida ports and from the West Indies.
In 1906 the combined exports had risen to 362 bales, including a little from German East Africa.
In 1906 the exports of fruits from Hawaii to the continental United States were valued at $382,295.
In 1906 the the total value of the exports was $23,902,986 and the total value of the imports was 21,868,257.
In 1906 the total exports of cheese to all countries from Canada reached 215,834,543 lb of the value of $24,433,169.
In 1906 the total imports and exports amounted to 1,470,000 tons including coasting trade.
In 1906 the total trade, inclusive of Lagos, was valued at £6,299,000 - imports, £3,148,000; exports, £3,151,000.
In 1906, 26% of the coffee exports was of Colombian origin.
In 1907 during a period of severe and prolonged trade depression the imports had fallen to £5,263,930, but the exports owing entirely to the increased output of gold from the Rand mines had increased to £37,994,658; gold and diamonds represented over £37,000,000 of this total.
In 1907 the exports were valued at $317,838; the imports were insignificant.
In 1909 8.05 io of the imports were from the United States and 17.8% of the exports were to the United States; in 1908 16.4% of the imports were from the United States and 31.4% of the exports were to the United States.
In 1909 its foreign imports were valued at $513,439; its foreign exports at $2,507,373.
In 1909 more than eighttenths of all imports of the country entered by, and more than seventenths of all exports went out through, the eight customs districts just named.
In 1909 the imports of the port were valued at 042,286 and the exports at $600,794.
In 1909 the value of its exports, $80,650,274, was greater than that of any other Atlantic port except New York, and the value of its imports, $78,003,464, was greater than that of any except New York and Boston.
In 1919 Czechoslovak exports to Great Britain (exclusive of colonies) amounted to a value of 238 million crowns, imports to 328 millions.
In 1919-20 the exports were valued at £430,000.
In comparison with cotton, all other exports are of minor account.
In that year the tribute of the allies was commuted for a 5% tax on all imports and exports by sea.
In that year the value of imports at the Boston-Charlestown customs district was $123,411,168, and the value of exports was $104,610,908; for 1909 the corresponding figures were $127,025,654 and $72,936,869.
In the 18th century it ranked next to Leith as a port, but the growth of Grangemouth, higher up the firth, seriously affected its shipping trade, which is, however, yet considerable, coal and pig-iron forming the principal exports, and pit props from the Baltic the leading import.
In the exports, alimentary products came first, while raw materials for manufacture and manufactured articles were of little account.
In the first half of the 19th century other exports were lime, freestone, and grain; West Indian, American and Baltic produce, Irish flax and Welsh pig iron were imported, and shipbuilding was a growing industry.
In the first war year (1914-5) exports fell to £182,000; they increased to £289,000 in 1916-7, fell to £144,000 the following year, but rose to the unprecedented figure of £51i,000 in 1918-9, a value due in part to inflated prices.
In the first year the imports were £234,029, and the exports £157,350,.
In the fiscal year 1908 the exports from Hawaii to foreign countries were valued at $597,640, ten times as much as in 1905 ($59,54 1); the imports into Hawaii from foreign countries were valued at $4,682,399 in the fiscal year 1908, as against $3,014,964 in 1905.
In the five years 1901-1905 the average value of the imports was X502,000, of the exports £572,000; for the five years 1896-1900 the average value of imports was £637,000, of exports £634,000.
In the latter year the imports amounted to £467,000, and the exports to £451,000; coffee, the mainstay of Yemen trade, shows a serious decline from £302,000 in 1902 to £229,000 in 1904; this is attributable partly to the great increase of production in other countries, but mainly to the insecurity of the trade routes and the exorbitant transit dues levied by the Turkish administration.
In the meantime the value of its exports to foreign countries increased only from $3,002,679 to $4,565,598, and the value of its imports from foreign countries only from $1,952,728 to $3,054,318.
In the same period (1887-1902) Egyptian exports to Great Britain decreased from 6325 to 52.30%, Germany and the United States showing each an increase of over 6o %.
In the same period Spain received exports from France averaging 4,700,000.
In the same year the imports from France exceeded £2,750,000 and the exports to France £1,685,000.
In the season of 1899-1900 the wool exports weighed 420,000,000 lb, and averaged more than 5 lb per sheep. The extra weight of fleece was owing to the large importation of better breeds.
In the year last named imports were valued at £5 8 9,979 and exports at £130,305, the annual averages since 1895 being about £426,300 and £112,500 respectively.
In1895-1896the area under indigo was 1,570,000 acres, and the value of the exports £3,569,700, while in1905-1906the area had sunk to 383,000 acres, and the value of the exports to £390,879.
In1906-1907the imports were valued at $111,234,968 U.S. gold, and the exports at $123,512,969, of which very nearly one half consisted of precious metals.
Iron mines, slate and stone quarries are worked at various points, and, with live stock, poultry, wool and timber form the chief exports.
It contains breweries, tanneries, sugar, tobacco, cloth, and silk factories, and exports skins, cloth, cocoons, cereals, attar of roses, "dried fruit, &c. Sofia forms the centre of a railway system radiating to Constantinople (300 m.), Belgrade (206 m.) and central Europe, Varna, Rustchuk and the Danube, and Kiustendil near the Macedonian frontier.
It exports filberts (for which product it is the centre), walnuts, hides and timber.
It exports iodine and immense quantities of nitrate of soda obtained from the desert region of the province.
It exports timber, grain, salt and petroleum; importing coal, iron and textiles.
It has an important trade with Constantinople in butter and cheese, and also exports wine, brandy, cereals and tobacco.
It has post and telegraph offices, and a population of about 7000, mostly Kurds of the Mukri tribe, and exports dried fruit, grain and tobacco.
It has tanneries and flour-mills, and exports timber, corn and mushrooms.
It imports general merchandise and manufactures, and exports phosphates, iron, zinc, barley, sheep, wool, cork, esparto, &c. There are manufactories of native garments, tapestry and leather.
It is connected with Ponce by railway (1910), and with the port of Arroyo by an excellent road, part of the military road extending to Cayey, and it exports sugar, rum, tobacco, coffee, cattle, fruit and other products of the department, which is very fertile.
It is estimated that the value of the imports and exports into and from Muhamrah, excluding specie, is about £300,000 per annum, paying customs amounting to about £18,000.
It is on the Glasgow & South-Western railway, and has a harbour and dock from which coal and goods are the main exports.
It is served by the Madras railway, and is the chief seaport on the Malabar coast, and the principal exports are coffee, timber and coco-nut products.
It is the chief port for exports from and imports to east Finland and a centre of the timber trade.
It is the distributing centre for the surrounding district, and exports railway carriages, engines, boilers, stoves, &c.
It is the port of entry for the Vermont customs district, whose exports and imports were valued respectively in 1907 at $8,333,024 and $5,721,034.
It produces rice, tobacco, coffee, cotton and sugar-cane, none of them important as exports.
It was Orduin who first abolished the onerous system of tolls on exports and imports, and established a combination of native merchants for promoting direct commercial relations between Sweden and Russia.
Its chief exports are diamonds, live stock (cattle, horses and mules, sheep and goats), wool, mohair, coal, wheat and eggs.
Its chief exports are of cotton, hemp, sugar and stone.
Its chief exports are oranges, millet, dra and other cereals, goat-hair and skins, sheepskins, wool and fullers' earth.
Its chief exports are rubber, gum, coffee and copper.
Its chief exports are seedless grapes ("currants"), olive-oil, silk and cereals.
Its exports in 1908 were valued at $285,913 and its imports at $10,313.
Its exports include coffee, sugar, hides, cabinet woods, tobacco and cigars, tapioca, gold, diamonds, manganese and sundry small products.
Its exports include timber, citrons, skins, chestnuts and gallic acid.
Its exports, which are large, include rice, coffee of excellent quality, cacao, sugar, Indian corn, horses and cattle.
Its foreign trade in the five calendar years 1902-1906 (average imports $57,201,276; exports, $40,563,637) amounted to 68.9% of the imports and 44.6% of, the exports of the island.
Its imports for 1909 were valued at $82,028 and its exports at $8,581,471.
Its inhabitants are noted for their skill as traders; the town itself produces nothing in the way of exports.
Its principal imports are cotton and woollen goods, yarn, metals, sugar, coffee, tea, spices, cashmere shawls, &c., and its principal exports opium, wool, carpets, horses, grain, dyes and gums, tobacco, rosewater, &c. The importance of Bushire has much increased since about 1862.
Ivory, rubber and copal are the chief exports.
Japanese cotton yarns are imported to be woven into a strong cloth on Korean hand-looms. Beans and peas, rice, cowhides, and ginseng are the chief exports, apart from gold.
Judged by the combined value of their imports and exports the chief ports are as shown in the first section of Table XVII.
Jutland; exports pork and meat, butter, eggs, fish, cattle and sheep, skins, lard and agricultural seeds, and has regular communication with Harwich and Grimsby in England.
Large quantities of timber are imported from Canada and Norway; coal, iron, manufactured goods and agricultural produce are the chief exports.
Metals and metal goods, rice, wool and woollen goods, and cotton and cotton goods are the chief imports; and silk, silk goods and tea are the chief exports.
Mollendo is a shipping port for Bolivian exports sent over the railway from Puno.
New York, New Orleans, Boston, Galveston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, San Francisco and Puget Sound are, in order, the leading customs districts of the country in the value of their imports and exports.
Next comes Germany with about 10% of the value of the total exports and 5% of that of imports.
Notwithstanding the disadvantages of its open roadstead, the foreign trade has rapidly expanded, the annual value of the exports having increased from 62 millions sterling in 1899 to over ro millions sterling in 1904.
Of greater importance were the customs duties on imports and exports.
Of less importance are the exports of hides and skins, eggs, wheat and other grains, wool, quails, lentils, dates and Sudan produce in transit.
Of the exports of 1905, 36% were of this class, while those of the pastoral and mining industries combined were not quite 61%.
Of the exports, $23,122,947 went to the United Kingdom, or to British possessions or protectorates; $37,671,033 went to foreign countries; and $2,754,238 went to the Dindings, Malacca or Singapore.
Of the exports, France, Argentina, Belgium and Germany take the bulk.
Of the imports and exports of I 86f two-thirds (in value) were carried in American vessels.
Of the last amount, £7,124,000 represented exports and £6,517,000 imports.
Of the total exports in 1908, valued at £33,323,000, gold was worth £29,643,000 and diamonds £1,977,000.
Of the total exports of 1909 $1,700,743,638 represented domestic merchandise.
Of the total exports of this group (1905) very nearly 90% was of india-rubber, which percentage was reduced to 85 in the following year.
Of the total trade Great Britain supplies from 35 to 40% of the imports and takes over 50% of the exports.
Of these totals, all but £127,532 of the imports and £441,679 of the exports passed through the port of Guayaquil.
Of this large total 5,3 6 5,544 tons are imports and only 799,319 tons are exports, and, comparing 1906 with 1905, we have a decrease of 34,355 tons on the exports, and an increase of 436,123 tons on the imports.
Olive oil and silk are the chief exports.
Oman, through its chief port Muscat, had a total trade of about £55 0, 000, two-thirds of which is due to imports and one-third to exports.
On the other hand, above 70% of manufactures destined to serve, as material in further processes of manufacture went, in the same years, to Europe, and from eight- to nine-tenths of the first three classes of exports.
Only a small part of the exports and imports of Massachusetts is now carried in American bottoms.'
Other exports are tin and copper, granite, serpentine, vegetables and china clay.
Other exports of importance are rum, wax and honey; and of less primary importance, fruits, fine cabinet woods, oils and starch.
Other important exports are sugar, copra and tobacco.
Over £1,250,000 worth of the exports consisted of coffee and bananas, and these commodities were of almost equal value.
Over three-fifths of the imports are from Great Britain, and about one-seventh of the exports go to Great Britain.
Palm-oil, palm kernels, cocoa, copal, copra, Calabar beans, kola-nuts and ivory are the principal exports.
Paper and ginseng are the only manufactured articles on the list of Korean exports.
Pepper, nutmegs and cloves were long the objects of the most important branch of Dutch commerce; and gutta-percha, camphor, dammar, benzoin and other forest products have a place among the exports.
Philadelphia, the Atlantic port, exports chiefly petroleum, coal, grain and flour, and imports chiefly iron ore, sugar, drugs and chemicals, manufactured iron, hemp, jute and flax.
Portsmouth and Norfolk form a customs district, Norfolk being the port of entry, whose exports in 1908 were valued at $11,326,817, and imports at $1,150,044.
Poultry is plentiful arid eggs form a considerable item in the exports.
Principal exports are grain, coal and fish; imports are bones and bone-ash, manure stuffs, linseed, salt, timber and iron.
Prior to 1860 the exports of raw cotton from India used to average less than 3 millions sterling a year, mostly to China; but after that date they rose by leaps, until in 1866 they reached the enormous total of 37 millions.
Raw cotton and silk are the principal exports, while manufactured goods are imported from Russia.
Revenue is raised by taxes on imports and exports, on licences for the sale of land and spirituous liquors, and for wood-cutting, by harbour and other dues, and a hut tax on natives.
Richmond is the port of entry for the District of Richmond; in 1907 its imports were valued at 8913,234 and its exports at 8158,275; in 1909, its imports at $693,822 and its exports at $ 2 4,39 0.
Rio is also a distributing centre in the coasting trade, and many imported products, such as jerked beef (came secca), hay, flour, wines, &c., appear among the coastwise exports, as well as domestic manufactures.
Rodosto was long a great depot for the produce of the Adrianople district, but its trade suffered when Dedeagatch became the terminus of the railway up the Maritza, and the town is now dependent on its maritime trade, especially its exports to Constantinople.
S.W., the port of entry of the Pearl River customs district, whose exports, chiefly timber, lumber, naval stores and charcoal, were valued at $8,392,271 in 1907.
Salt, which does not figure in the list of exports, is produced along the coast between Pernambuco and Cape St Roque.
San Juan exports wine, and has a profitable trade with Chile over the Patos and Uspallata passes.
Segesvar has a good woollen and linen trade, as well as exports of wine and fruit.
She exports about 90% of all the iron ore which she mines, most of it to England.
Silver was raised in the 12th century, and argentiferous lead is still the most valuable ore mined; tin, iron and cobalt rank next, and coal is one of the chief exports.
Since about 1880 the silk production of the world (including only exports from the East) has more than doubled, the variations owing to partial failures from some countries being more than compensated by increase from others.
Since the English board of trade estimated the exports of British manufactured goods at from 17 to 20% of the industrial output of the United Kingdom in 1902, this would indicate a manufactured product hardly two-thirds as great as that of the true factory establishments of the United States in 1900.
Since the opening of the new port the traffic has considerably increased, and it exports oil, pig-lead, silver, flour, wine, marble and sandstone for paving purposes, while it imports quantities of coal, iron, cereals, phosphates, timber, pitch, petroleum, and mineral oils.
Straw or grass hats, straw mats, samshu (from the Shao-sing district), Chinese drugs, vegetable tallow and fish are among the chief exports; in 1904 the hats numbered 2,125,566, though in 1863 they had only amounted to 40,000, and the mats, mainly despatched to south China, average from 1,000,000, to 2,000,000.
Subordinate products for exports include cutch dye, caoutchouc or india-rubber, cotton, petroleum and jade.
Sugar and molasses are the chief exports.
Sugar and tobacco products together represent seven-eighths (in 1904-1907 respectively 60.3 and 27.3%) of the normal annual exports.
Surtaxes were imposed on imports and exports to meet the expenditure, and work was begun in 1901.
Taxes on imports and exports, not exceeding the equivalent of io% ad valorem, direct taxation of Europeans, and a poll tax on native adult males, a tax on ivory and the Government share in the exploitation of mines were the chief sources of revenue; the administrative services and interest on debt the largest items of expenditure.
Tea and camphor are the staple exports.
Tea makes up nearly one-half of the imports, the other commodities being silks, cottons, hides and wool; while cottons and other manufactured wares constitute considerably over 50% of the exports.
The annual value of exports would be set off against imported food for about one month and a half.
The annual value of imports and exports exceeds seven and nine millions sterling respectively.
The average annual value of imports is somewhat over £300,000, and of exports £200,000.
The average annual value of the imports for the years 1901-1905 was X23,926,000 (L22,287,000 for 1896-1900), of exports £6,369,000 (4,48r,000 for 1896-1900).
The average yearly value of the foreign trade is about £1,200,000 - exports, £ 700,000; imports, £500,000.
The bulk of these exports are to the Transvaal and neighbouring countries, and previously figure as imports, other exports, largely wool and hides, are first imported from the Transvaal.
The chief article of export is coal from the neighbouring collieries, the other leading exports being ale, whisky, glass and manufactured goods.
The chief articles of import are coal, grain, timber, copper, steel and wine, and the exports are manufactured goods principally to Russia and Scandivania.
The chief exports are butter and eggs; the chief imports sugar, petroleum, coal and iron.
The chief exports are chestnut extract for tanning, cedrates, citrons, oranges, early vegetables, fish, copper ore and antimony ore.
The chief exports are cocoanut products, for the preparation of which there are factories, and tea; and the chief import is rice.
The chief exports are coffee, rubber, wax, palm kernels and palm-oil, cattle and hides and dried or salt fish.
The chief exports are fish, cereals, bacon; imports, petroleum and coal.
The chief exports are gold and diamonds.
The chief exports are grain and other agricultural produce, live stock, spirits, wood and wool; the chief imports are colonial produce, iron, coal, salt, wine, beer and tobacco.
The chief exports are iron and other ores, china clay, granite, fish and grain.
The chief exports are linen, whisky, aerated waters, iron ore and cattle.
The chief exports are oil-cake, flint, cod and Benedictine liqueur.
The chief exports are raw cotton, cotton goods and yarn, rice, wheat, oil-seeds, raw jute and jute-manufactures, hides and skins, tea, opium and lac. In1905-1906there was great activity in both the cotton and jute industries.
The chief exports are raw cotton, rice, wheat, oil-seeds, hides and lac. The exports of wheat are liable to extreme fluctuations, especially during famine periods.
The chief exports are rice and oil.
The chief exports are rice, indigo, linseed and other seeds, saltpetre and tobacco.
The chief exports are sheep and oxen, most of which are raised in Morocco and Tunisia, and horses; animal products, such as wool and skins; wine, cereals (rye, barley, oats), vegetables, fruits (chiefly figs and grapes for the table) and seeds, esparto grass, oils and vegetable extracts (chiefly olive oil), iron ore, zinc, natural phosphates, timber, cork, crin vegetal and tobacco.
The chief exports are sisal fibre, rubber, hides and skins, wax, ivory, copra, coffee, ground-nuts and cotton.
The chief exports are stone for road-making, butter, eggs and vegetables; the chief imports are coal, timber, superphosphates and wine from Algeria.
The chief exports are timber, butter and iron.
The chief exports are wheat, mealies, Kaffir corn, wool, mohair, horses and cattle.
The chief exports consist of rice, rattans, torches, dried fish, areca-nuts, sesamum seeds, molasses, sea-slugs, edible birds' nests and tin.
The chief exports of the islands besides coir and cowries (a decreasing trade) are coco-nuts, copra, tortoise-shell and dried bonito-fish.
The chief exports, not all products of the province, are coal, wool, mohair, hides and skins, wattle bark, tea, sugar, fruits and jams. The import trade is of a most varied character, and a large proportion of the goods brought into the country are in transit to the Transvaal and Orange Free State, Natal affording, next to Delagoa Bay, the shortest route to the Rand.
The chief imports are Baltic timber, coal, salt and manure; and the exports, manufactured goods, grain, potatoes and slates.
The chief imports are coal, timber and iron, and the exports grain and other agricultural products and salt.
The chief trade is in, and the principal exports are, palm oil and kernels, rubber, cotton, maize, groundnuts (Arachis), shea-butter from the Bassia parkii (Sapotaceae), fibres of the Raphia vinifera, and the Sansevieria guineensis, indigo, and kola nuts, ebony and other valuable wood.
The city is a port of entry, and in 1908 its imports were valued at $3,080,437, and its exports at only $75,525.
The city is an important railway centre, has extensive railway repair shops and stock-yards, and exports large quantities of live-stock, hides and wool.
The city is the see of a Protestant Episcopal bishop. Wilmington is chiefly a commercial city, and ships large quantities of cotton, lumber, naval stores, rice, marketgarden produce and turpentine; in 1909 the value of its exports was $23,310,070 and the value of its imports $1,282,724.
The city's exports were valued at $45,000 in 1907 and at $306,439 in 1908.
The city's foreign trade is light (the value of its imports was $859,442 in 1907; of its exports $664,525), but its river traffic is heavy, amounting to about 3,000,000 tons annually, and being chiefly in general merchandise (including food-stuffs, machinery and manufactured products), ores and metals, chemicals and colours, stone and sand and brick.
The city's foreign trade is of some importance; in 1907 the imports were valued at $2,720,594, and the exports at $1,272,247.
The commerce of San Francisco amounts to some $80,000,000 or $90,000,000 yearly, about equally divided between imports and exports, until after 1905 - in 1907 the imports were valued at $54,207,011, and the exports at $3 0, 37 8, 355 (less than any year since 1896).
The company set to work with energy and the result was seen in largely increased exports.
The copper output has not greatly increased since 1890, and is of slight importance in mineral exports.
The countries whence goods are imported and the ultimate destination of exports are registered.
The department imports coal, lime, stone, salt, raw sulphur, skins and timber and exports agricultural and mineral products, bricks and tiles, and other manufactured goods.
The excess of exports over imports in the decade1899-1908totalled $5,728,214,844; and in the same period there was an excess of exports of gold and silver, above imports, of $444,908,963.
The existing system of taxation also presses heavily upon the provinces, as may be seen from the fact that the national, provincial and municipal exactions together amount to £7 per head of population, while the total value of the exports in 1898 was only L6 in round numbers.
The expenditure for 1906 amounted to $5,072,406, of which $836,097 was spent on administrative establishments, $301,252 on the upkeep of existing public works; $415,175 on the construction of works and buildings, and of new roads, streets, bridges, &c. The imports in 1906 were valued at $94,54 6, 112; the exports at $90,709,225.
The exports also include hides, mangabeira rubber, piassava fibre, diamonds, cabinet woods and rum.
The exports and imports resemble those of Hamburg.
The exports and most of the imports pass through Bagdad.
The exports are chiefly coal, sheep, tallow, wool, frozen meat and hides.
The exports are chiefly coffee, hides, ivory (all from Abyssinia), gum, mother-of-pearl and a little gold; the imports cotton and other European stuffs, cereals, beverages, tobacco and arms and ammunition for the Abyssinians.
The exports are chiefly groundnuts, rubber of inferior quality, sesamum and other oil seeds, tortoise-shell and ebony.
The exports are chiefly oxen, meat, fowls and eggs for Gibraltar and sometimes for Spain, with occasional shipments of slippers and blankets to Egypt.
The exports are chiefly phosphates and other minerals, cereals, olive oil, cattle, hides, sponges and wax.
The exports are chiefly sugar and cotton.
The exports are copra, fungus and straw hats, which the women plait very cleverly.
The exports are mahogany, rosewood, cedar, logwood and other cabinet-woods and dye-woods, with cocoanuts, sugar, sarsaparilla, tortoiseshell, deerskins, turtles and fruit, especially bananas.
The exports are olive oil, hemp, flax, rice, fruit, wine, hats, cheese, steel, velvets, gloves, flour, paper, soap and marble, while the main imports are coal, cotton, grain, machinery, &c. Genoa has a large emigrant traffic with America, and a large general passenger steamer traffic both for America and for the East.
The exports are principally coal, pig iron and ore, steel and stone.
The exports are wool, cotton, madder, cummin seed, asafoetida, fruit, silk and horses.
The exports are, on the average, over one million sterling, and imports about double in value.
The exports consist chiefly of agricultural produce.
The exports consist chiefly of cereals, cattle, horses, sheep, wine, fish and hides.
The exports consist chiefly of corn, potatoes, hops, beer, wine, cloth, cotton goods, glass, fancy wares, toys, cattle, pigs and vegetables.
The exports consist chiefly of grain, timber, flax, hides, wool, a species of anchovy, and hemp, and the imports of manufactured goods and machinery.
The exports consist chiefly of livestock, jerked beef, hides, wool, and other animal products, wheat, flour, corn, linseed, barley, hay, tobacco, sealskins, fruit, vegetables, and some minor products.
The exports consist chiefly of woollen yarn, woollens, cotton goods, cotton yarn, machinery, &c. and coal.
The exports consist mainly of agricultural produce.
The exports consist principally of timber and woodpulp, iron and steel.
The exports cover a wide range of agricultural, pastoral and natural productions, including coffee, rubber, sugar, cotton, cocoa, Brazil nuts, mate (Paraguay tea), hides, skins, fruits, gold, diamonds, manganese ore, cabinet woods and medicinal leaves, roots and resins.
The exports dwindled from 3600 bales in 1865 to 946 in 1905; great fluctuations occur, the export in 1904, for example, being only 338 bales.
The exports for the corresponding period amounted to 35,840,000, a diminution of 1,520,000 as compared with the corresponding period of 1906.
The exports from Batavia to the other islands of the archipelago, and to the ports in the Malay Peninsula, are rice, sago, coffee, sugar, salt, oil, tobacco, teak timber and planks, Java cloths, brass wares, &c., and European, Indian and Chinese goods.
The exports from Tibet are silver, gold, salt, wool, woollen cloth, rugs, furs, drugs, musk.
The exports go mainly to Austria-Hungary, Rumania, Italy, Egypt, the United Kingdom and the United States.
The exports include cattle, hides, coffee, rubber, fruit and salt.
The exports include cattle, hides, skins, wool and ostrich feathers.
The exports include copper and silver and their ores, nitrate of soda, borax, guano and other minerals in small quantities.
The exports include gold, silver, copper, coffee, henequen or sisal, ixtle and other fibres, cabinet woods, chicle, rubber and other forest products, hides and skins, chickpeas, tobacco and sugar.
The exports include gold, silver, hides and pearls.
The exports include hides, skins, rubber, wax, tobacco and cotton.
The exports include sugar, rum, cotton, hides, skins, rubber, wax, fibres, dyewoods, cacau, mandioca flour, pineapples and other fruits.
The exports mainly consist of grain, cattle, fish, dairy produce and potatoes; the imports of coal and timber.
The exports of Baden, which coincide largely with the industries just mentioned, are of considerable importance, but the bulk of its trade consists in the transit of goods.
The exports of coffee from Rio in 1908 amounted to $ 3,062,268 bags of 60 kilogrammes each, officially valued at about 27,846,000.
The exports of fish from that port from 1892-1899 were valued at from $2,000,000 to $2,500,000 annually.
The exports of greatest value are textiles, lace, coal, coke, briquettes, glass, machinery, railway material and fire arms.
The exports of lumber are about equally divided between the two.
The exports of manufactured tobacco, such as Manila cheroots, find their principal market in China, British India, Australasia and the United Kingdom, whilst of the leaf tobacco fully three-quarters goes to Spain.
The exports of sulphur in December 1906 were 17,534 tons, as compared with 40,713 tons in 1905; in the year 1904 the total production was 3?91,710 tons (value about £1,522,229) and the total exports 508,980 tons, as compared with 470,341 tons in 1905.
The exports of the province are almost wholly transported on these rivers, and are shipped either at Guayaquil, or at Puna, its deep-water port, 62 in.
The exports rose from a total of £26,096,500 in 1883 to £62,000,000 in 1905.
The exports through the Black Sea ports of Batum, Poti and Novo-rossiysk average in value a little over £ro,000,000 annually, though showing a tendency to increase slightly.
The exports to the United States were valued at $5,550,073 and to France $5,496,627.
The exports were equivalent to 2 bales of 50o lb in 1902-1903, 114 bales in 1903 - 1904, 570 bales in '904 - 1905, 1 553 bales in 1905-1906 and 1052 bales in 1906-1907.
The exports which come next in value are opium, wood-oil, hides, beans, cotton yarn and raw silk.
The exports, chiefly to the United States, include salt, sponges and sisal hemp. Grand Turk is in cable communication with Bermuda and with Kingston, Jamaica, some 420 m.
The exports, however, are small, almost all the crop being used locally.
The exports, which are almost wholly of agricultural and pastoral products, increased from $103,219,000 in 1891 to $322,843,841 in 1905.
The exports, which comprise coffee, bananas, cocoa, cabinet-woods and dye-woods, with hides and skins, mother-of-pearl, tortoiseshell and gold, were officially valued at £1,398,000 in 1904; and in the same year the imports, including foodstuffs, dry goods and hardware, were valued at £1,229,000.
The exports, which include beans, almonds, maize, chick-peas, wool, hides, wax, eggs, &c., were valued at 360,000 in 1900, £364,000 in 1904, and £248,000 in 1906.
The exports, which show plainly the prevailing agricultural character of the country, are flour, wheat, cattle, beef, barley, pigs, wine in barrels, horses and maize.
The extraordinary difference between the normal trade of the islands and that due to blockade-running will be seen by comparing the imports and exports before the' closing of the southern ports in 1860 with those of 1864.
The first exports from the Daiquiri district were made by an American company in 1884; the Nipe (Cagimaya) mines became prominent in promise in 1906.
The fisheries not only supply the great local demand, but allow of large exports.
The following are the principal countries receiving the exports of France (special trade), with values for the same periods.
The following tables show the total value of exports and imports arranged according to countries of origin or destination for1905-1906and 1908-1909; the same information for the year1905-1906with respect to the principal ports of the empire, and the tonnage of vessels cleared thereat during the year 1908-1909; and the value of the principal articles imported and exported for the year 1905-1906.
The gold and diamonds are sent to England via Cape Town; the other exports go chiefly to Deiagoa Bay.
The harbour of Cagliari (along the north side of which runs a promenade called the Via Romo) is a good one, and has a considerable trade, exporting chiefly lead, zinc and other minerals and salt, the total annual value of exports amounting to nearly 12 million sterling in value.
The important exports are gums and resin, fibre, hides, ivory, ostrich feathers, coffee, ghee, livestock, gold ingots from Abyssinia and mother-of-pearl; the shells being found along the coast from Zaila to beyond Berbera.
The imports amounted in value to about £ 4, 850,000 in 1906 and the exports to over £10,000,000.
The imports are principally iron, coal, salt and timber; the exports barley, oats, cattle, pigs and potatoes.
The imports consist mainly of raw material for working up in the factories of the district, while the principal exports are coal, fruit, wine, dyes, cloth, silk and other manufactured articles of various descriptions.
The imports consist principally of machinery, coal, grain, dried fish, tobacco and hides, and the exports of hemp, hides, olive oil, soap, coral, candied fruit, wine, straw hats, boracic acid, mercury, and marble and alabaster.
The imports from Great Britain exceed those from the United States, but the exports to the United States are much greater than those to Great Britain, and the total trade with the United States is greater than that with any other country.
The imports increased from $755,316 in 1897 and $490,093 in 1898 (an extremely unfavourable year owing to the SpanishAmerican War) to $4,179,464 in 1909; the exports from $820,792 in 1897 and $521,792 in 1898 to $1,344,786 in 1899 and $4,492,498 in 1909; a part of the custom-house clearings of Key West are actually shipped from Tampa.
The imports more than doubled the exports.
The imports of foreign metals in the rough and of coal are steadily increasing, while the exports, never otherwise than insignificant, show no advance.
The imports to Jidda in the same year were £1,405,000, largely consisting of rice, wheat and other food stuffs from India; the exports, which have dwindled away in late years, amounted in 1904 to only £25,000.
The imports to the port of New York increased in value from $466,527,631 in 1897 to $891,614,678 in 1909, while the exports increased in value from $404,750,496 to $627,782,767.
The imports were valued in 1907 at 55,147,870 soles (to soles = £1 stg.) and the exports at 57,477,320 soles - the former showing a considerable increase and the latter a small decrease in comparison with 1906.
The island imports wines, spirits, tissues, clothing and ironmongery; and exports ores, nickel, cobalt and chrome (which represent over three-quarters of the total exports in value), preserved meats and hides, coffee, copra and other colonial produce.
The main exports were asphalt and calcium carbide.
The merchant marine of the United States in 1900 totalled 5,164,839 net tons, which was less than that of 1860 (5,353,808), in which year American shipping attained an amount which only in recent years Exports of Domestic Merchandise.
The mineral exports are surprisingly small.
The mines and marble quarries are no longer worked; and the chief exports are now fir timber for shipbuilding, olive oil, honey and wax.
The modern town is connected with Smyrna by railway, and exports cotton, wool, opium, cocoons and cereals.
The most important place of derivation and of destination for the Austro-Hungarian trade is the German empire with about 40% of the imports, and about 60% of the exports.
The national revenue is derived largely from the duties on imports, the duties on exports having been surrendered to the states when the republic was organized.
The neighbouring Balkan states - Rumania and Servia - follow, and the United Kingdom receives somewhat more than 2% of the exports, while supplying about 1.5% of the imports.
The neighbouring country is devoted principally to raising horses, mules and cattle; and in addition to hides and leather, it exports rubber and other forest products.
The normal value, for example, of the post-war exports of Bahrein should be more nearly £3,000,000 than £ I,000,000, owing to the enhanced value in terms of money of pearls, and the export trade of Bandar 'Abbas should likewise be more in a normal post-war than in a pre-war year.
The only important exports, however, are cajeput oil, a sudorific distilled from the leaves of the Melaleuca Cajuputi or white-wood tree; and timber.
The per capita consumption of iron in Great Britain, excluding exports, has been calculated as 144 lb in 1855 and 250 lb in 1890, that of the United States as 117 lb for 1855, 300 lb for 1890 and some 378 lb for 1899, and that of the United Kingdom, the United States and Germany for 1906 as about a quarter of a ton, so that the British per capita consumption is about four-fold and the American about five-fold that of 1855.
The Port Authority fixes the port rates, which, however, must not in any two consecutive years exceed one-thousandth part of the value of all imports and exports, or a three-thousandth of the value of goods discharged from or taken on board vessels not within the premises of a dock.
The principal articles imported are textiles, hardware, wines, rice, flour, canned goods and general provisions; the exports are yerba mate, hides, hair, dried meat; wood, oranges, tobacco.
The principal exports are (in order of value) coffee, bananas, gold, rubber, cattle and hides, dye-woods and cabinet woods.
The principal exports are cattle and dairy produce, grain, lamb and goat skins, and cloth (shayak); the imports include coal, iron and machinery, textiles, petroleum and chemicals.
The principal exports are cattle, horses, cheese, butter, honey, wax, flour, paper, hardware and Westphalian coal.
The principal exports are cereals and flour, cattle, horses, hemp, flax, timber, sugar and oilcake.
The principal exports are corn and other agricultural produce; the imports are coal, culm, timber and slate.
The principal exports are dried fruits, salt fish and oil.
The principal exports are fish, coarse black tea, cotton, vegetable tallow, sweet potatoes, and some wheat.
The principal exports are grain, eggs, cattle, linen cloth and flax, and the imports include timber, groceries and coal.
The principal exports are granite, timber and hats; and butter through Helsingborg and Gothenburg.
The principal exports are oil-seeds, hides and jute.
The principal exports are olive oil, wheat, esparto grass, barley, sponges, dates, fish (especially tunny), hides, horses, wool, phosphates, copper, zinc and lead.
The principal exports are Portland stone, bricks and tiles and provisions, and the imports are coal, timber, garden and dairy produce and wine.
The principal exports are rice and teak, and the principal imports, cotton and silk goods and gold-leaf.
The principal exports are rubber, sugar, ground-nuts and oil seeds, beeswax, chromite (from Rhodesia), and gold (from Manica).
The principal exports are salt, minerals, opium, cotton, cereals, wool and live stock; and the imports cloth-goods, coffee, rice and petroleum.
The principal exports are sugar, coal, cereals, wool, forage, cement, chalk, phosphates, iron and steel, tools and metal-goods, thread and vegetables.
The principal exports are sugar, oil-seeds and indigo.
The principal exports are wheat and indigo.
The principal exports are wine, cognac and marble from Pentelicus.
The principal exports are wines, cereals, olive-oil, cotton goods, soap, cigarette-paper, furniture and barrels, boots, shoes and leather goods, and machinery.
The principal exports are wines, especially champagne, spirits, hay, straw, wool, potatoes, woven goods, fruit, glass-ware, lace and metal-ware.
The principal exports are wool, mohair and copper ore, and imports are cotton and woollen goods, indigo, coffee, sugar, petroleum, &c.
The principal exports from all the regencies alike are black and white pepper, bamboo (rotan), gums, caoutchouc, copra, nutmegs, mace and gambir.
The principal exports from Maracaibo are coffee, hides and skins, cabinet and dye-woods, cocoa, and mangrove bark, to which may be added dividivi, sugar, copaiba, gamela and hemp straw for paper-making, and fruits.
The principal exports of local produce are potatoes, cumin seed, vegetables, oranges, goats and sheep, cotton goods and stone.
The principal exports of the province are coarse wool, hides, dates and horses.
The principal exports to Great Britain have come hitherto from the forest regions, and are of the same class as the forest products of the south.
The principal exports were coffee, cacau, divi-divi, rubber, hides and skins, cattle and asphalt.
The principal imports are grain and agricultural produce, timber and coal, and the exports cement and fish.
The principal trade centre of the Arabian side of the Persian Gulf is Bahrein; the total volume of trade of which amounted in 1904 to £1,900,000, nearly equally divided between imports and exports; rice, piece goods, &c., form the bulk of the former, while pearls are the most valuable part of the latter.
The public revenues are derived from customs taxes and charges on imports and exports, transit taxes, cattle taxes, profits on coinage, receipts from state monopolies, receipts from various public services such as the post office, telegraph, Caracas waterworks, &c., and sundr y taxes, fines and other sources.
The quantities of such imported articles as are liable to duty have, indeed, been known for many years; and in 1872 official tables were compiled showing the value both of imports and of exports.
The remainder, or element of foreign exports, has been of similarly small relative magnitude since about 1880, but was of course much larger while the carrying trade was of importance.
The remarkable development of the comparatively new trade in spun silk goes far to compensate for the loss of the older trade of net silk, and has enabled the exports of silk manufactures from Great Britain to be at least maintained and to show some signs of expansion.
The respective shares of the leading customs in the tfade of the country is approximately shown in the following table, which gives the value of their exports and imports (general trade) in 1905 in millions sterling.
The ruling idea of this new WeltPolitik was that Germany could no longer remain merely a continental power; owing to the growth of population she depended for subsistence on trade and exports; she could not maintain herself amid the rivalry of nations unless the government was able actively to support German traders in all parts of the world.
The staple export is raw cotton, the value of which is about 80% of all the exports.
The staple export trade is in fish and their products; other exports are butter, copper ore and hides.
The staple exports are beans, pulse and peas, marine products, sulphur, furs and timber; the staple imports, comestibles (especially salted fish), kerosene and oil-cake.
The state has a natural water outlet in the Providence river and Narragansett Bay, but there is lack of adequate dockage in Providence harbour, and insufficient depth of water for ocean traffic. The ports of entry are Providence (by far the largest, with imports valued at $ 1, 8 93,55 1, and exports valued at $12,517 in 1909), Newport and Bristol.
The total exports for 1905 were officially valued at 62,572,033 milreis gold, or a little over one-sixth the exportation of the whole country.
The total exports for1905-1906were valued at £I 12,000,000.
The total exports of Italy are on the average not far from 40 million gallons.
The total exports of the Cardiff docks in 1906 amounted to 8,767,502 tons, of which 8, 433, 629 tons were coal, coke and patent fuel, 151,912 were iron and steel and their manufactures, and 181,076 tons of general merchandise.
The total foreign trade in 1908 amounted to $9,778,810 imports and $14,560,830 exports, the values being in U.S. gold.
The total imports and exports at the time of the French occupation (1830) did not exceed £175,000.
The total tonnage of the exports in 1906 was 9,757,380 (all of which, except 26,491 tons, was coal), and of the imports 506,103 tons.
The total trade of the port increased from £3,853,593 in 1897 to £5, 6 75, 28 5 in 1905 and £7,009,758 in 1906 (the large increase being mainly due to a rise of over Li,000,000 in imports - mainly of coal, building materials and machinery), the average ratio of imports to exports being as three to two.
The total trade of the republic in 1905, according to returns published by the Guayaquil Chamber of Commerce, amounted to only £3,429,955, of which £ 1, 573,3 8 9 (1 5,733, 8 9 1 sucres) were credited to imports, and £1,856,566 (18,565,668 sucres) to exports.
The total value of exports and imports was in1876-1877upwards of £1,536,000.
The total value of exports in 1904 was f459,5 6 5; of imports, £2,459,278.
The total value of exports in 1905 was X1,647,075, and of imports X1,326,055, the latter including notably coal, almost entirely from the United Kingdom, and wheat, from Russian ports.
The total value of imports in the four years 1901-1904 was £1,756,888, of exports £1,386,777; excess of imports over exports, £370,111.
The total value of the foreign trade fluctuates very greatly, and the difficulty of forming an estimate is enhanced in many years by the absence of official statistics; but imports and exports together probably amount in a normal year to about £I,000,000.
The total value of the imports into Singapore in 1906 was $234,701,760, and the exports in the same year were valued at $202,210,849.
The total volume of trade in 1902, the year of the completion of the railway, was X725,000, in 1905 it had risen to £1,208,000 - imports £480.000, exports 728,000.
The town is noted for its fruit, especially its vines; and it exports tissues, carpets, hides, yellow berries and dried fruit.
The trade is mostly in coal and lime and the exports are chiefly agricultural.
The trade of Belgium has more than trebled as regards both imports and exports since 1870.
The trade of the city is principally in Bolivian products - mineral ores, alpaca wool, &c. - but it also receives and exports the products of the neighbouring Peruvian provinces, and the output of the borax deposits in the neighbourhood.
The trade was enormously profitable, not only to the merchants but to the town, which levied a rigorous duty on all exports and imports; at the same time formidable risks had to be faced both from the desert-tribes and from the Parthians, and successfully to plan or convoy a great caravan came to be looked upon as a distinguished service to the state, often recognized by public monuments erected by " council and people " or by the merchants interested in the venture.
The two best customers of Russia are Germany, which takes 23.3% of her total exports, and the United Kingdom, which takes 22.9%.
The United States and Great Britain send respectively 60% and 20% of the imports, receiving 60% and 8% of the exports.
The United States mine nearly all of their iron ores, Austria-Hungary, Russia and France mine the greater part of theirs, but none of these countries exports much ore.
The value of exports and imports, which in 1880 was £3,79 2, 99 1 and £5,378,385, and in the ensuing five years averaged £4,638,635 and £4,366,507, had increased in 1905 to £14,861,823 and £19,068,221.
The value of exports of fish, &c., was £140,000 in 1904, but fish was also imported to the value of £61,300.
The value of exports, about £6,500,000 in 1910, was over £1 1, 000,- 00o in 1916.
The value of imports (chiefly coal, wheat, scrap-iron and cheese) for 1904 was £1,239,048, and the value of exports (chiefly macaroni and green fruit) £769,100.
The value of imports and exports for 1907 were respectively $123,414,168 and $104,610,908.
The value of its exports to the United States increased from $5,581,288 in the fiscal year ending on the 30th of June 1901 to $26,998,542 in 1909, and the value of its imports from the United States increased during this period from $7,413,502 to $25,163,678.
The value of the annual output is about £40,000, and the exports in 1906 amounted to nearly 103,000 tons.
The value of the exports from India to Kabul also shows great fluctuation.
The value of the exports increased from $19,751,068 in the year ending the 30th of June 1900 to $32,816,567 in the year ending the 30th of June 1908, and the value of the imports increased during the same period from $20,601,436 to $30,918,357.
The value of the goods imported into the protectorate in 1906 was £118,322; the value of the exports was £77,736.
The value of the imports was E.26,12I,ooo, of the exports fE.28,o13,ooo.
The value of the trade (imports and exports) of Southern Nigeria (exclusive of Lagos) increased from £1,566,000 in1894-1895to £3,464,000 in 1905.
The value of the trade depends on regular rains, so that in seasons of drought the exports seriously diminish.
The value of the trade during1901-1902was approximately £400,000 in imports (largely railway material) and £50,000 in exports.
The value of trade probably exceeds 2,000,000, principal exports being rice, raw silk, dry fruit, fish, sheep and cattle, wool and cotton, and cocoons, the principal imports sugar, cotton goods, silkworm "seed" or eggs (70,160 worth in 1906-7), petroleum, glass and china., The trade in dried silkworm cocoons has increased remarkably since 1893, when only 76,150 lb valued at 6475 were exported; during the year 1906-7 ending 10th March, 2,717,540 lb valued at 238,000 were exported.
The value of trade, which more than doubled between the years 1900 and 1907, amounted in the latter year to £5,600,000 imports and 7,Ioo,000 exports.
The volume of trade in 1898, as represented by imports and exports, was £3,114,000 (imports £1,190,000; exports £1,923,000).
The wealth of Egypt lying in the cultivation of its soil, almost all the exports are agricultural produce, while the imports are mostly manufactured goods, minerals and hardware.
The women are chiefly engaged in knitting cotton stockings, which, along with some pottery, form the chief exports of the island.
Then came the crash, caused by the restoration of peace in the United States, and the exports fell, until they now average little more than 8 millions a year.
There are exports of hides, cedar and fruit, and the adjacent district of Tabares produces cotton, tobacco, cacao, sugar cane, Indian corn, beans and coffee.
There are large copper-smelting establishments in the city, which exports a very large amount of copper, some gold and silver, and cattle and hay to the more northern provinces.
There are separate valuations for imports and exports.
There are wharves on both sides of the river, and the staple exports are sugar, golden-syrup and timber.
There is a considerable import of coal, cotton, iron and breadstuffs, the chief exports being butter, fish, timber and wood pulp. During the period of emigration, owing to political troubles with Russia, over 12,000 Finns sailed from Hangs in a single year (1901), mostly for the United States and Canada.
There is a considerable trade in market produce with Rio de Janeiro, but the exports are inconsiderable.
There is an ad vat orem duty of 8% on imports and of about I% on exports.
There were 1020 mills in operation in 1895, and the exports in 1905 amounted to more than 3,700,000 sterling, as Paper.
These facts also account for the apparent anomaly that the exports from Oporto are much higher than the total production of wine in the Alto Douro.
These figures point to the fact that London is essentially a mart, and neither is itself, nor is the especial outlet for, a large manufacturing centre; hence imports greatly exceed exports.
They are Cleveland, Toledo, Sandusky, Cincinnati, Columbus and Dayton, and the value of the foreign commerce passing through these in 1909 amounted to $9,483,974 in imports (more than one-half to Cleveland) and $10,920,083 in exports (nearly eight-ninths from Cleveland).
They have the sole right also to impose duties on exports and taxes upon real estate, industries and professions, and transfers of property.
This and lacquer-ware are the chief exports, as also a considerable amount of pottery.
This factor was the rupture of communications with foreign countries, due in the earlier stages of the war to the limitation, and at one time the prohibition, of exports by neutral countries, the passing over of some of these countries to the enemy, and lastly the blockade by the enemy Powers, which increased in efficiency and made it more and more difficult to import the most essential commodities, until in the end it was almost impossible to obtain from abroad anything, needed either for the soldiers or the civilians.
Threefourths of the exports consist of cotton goods, and three-eighths of the imports were raw wool.
Timber makes up 59% of the imports, and coal and ships each about 30% of the exports.
Timber, pig-iron and iron ore are the leading imports, and coal, produce and iron the chief exports.
To balance the exports and imports specie was exported in the three years 1902-1904 amounting to £2,319,000; a large proportion of this was perhaps provided by cash brought into the country by pilgrims.
To European merchants, on whom he was dependent for the sale of his exports, Mehemet All showed much favor, and under his influence the port of Alexandria again rose into importance.
Trade is large and increasing, the chief exports being copra, coir and other coco-nut products, pepper, tea, sugar, areca-nuts, timber, hides, coffee, &c. The capital is Trivandrum.
Trade statistics of late years show a gradual increase of exports to India from Kandahar and the countries adjacent thereto, but a curious falling-off in imports.
Trade with her immediate neighbours is now insignificant, the total value of annual imports and exports being about £400,000; but seaborne commerce is in a very flourishing condition.
Under the bounty system, by which the protectionist countries of Europe stimulated the beet sugar industry by bounties on exports, the production of sugar in bounty-paying countries was encouraged and pushed far beyond the limits it could have reached without state aid.
Vegetable exports more than doubled between 1894 and 1903.
Vessels of light draught easily ascend the Orinoco to this point, and a considerable trade is carried on, the exports being cocoa, sugar, cotton, hides, jerked beef and various forest products.
Vidin exports cereals and fruit, and is locally celebrated for its gold and silver filigree.
Wine and herrings were the chief articles of her commerce; but her weavers had been in repute from time immemorial, and exports of cloth were large, while her goldsmiths and armourers were famous.
Wine and meat were the chief exports.
With the rapid increase of population, production in Canada also greatly increased; exports, imports and revenue constantly expanded, and capital, finding abundant and profitable employment, began to flow freely into the country for further industrial development.
Won-san and Fusan are large fishing centres, and salt fish and fish manure are important exports; but the prolific fishing-grounds are worked chiefly by Japanese labour and capital.
Wool (£4,250,000 to £7,657,000 according to prices) remains at the head of the list of exports.
Wool and hides are the principal exports.