In the early 2000s, some newer devices, such as the positive expiratory pressure (PEP) valve and the flutter device, have been added to the various chest physical therapy techniques.
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Other causes of inspiratory and expiratory dyspnoea include airway stenosis following trauma, and parasites (eg Filaroides osleri) - rare.
3
Symptoms can be monitored with a peak flow meter (also called a peak expiratory flow meter).
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The flutter valve is a hand-held mucus clearance device designed to combine positive expiratory pressure (PEP) with high frequency airway oscillations.
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The Mini Wright Peak Flow Meter measures the maximum expiratory flow rate during a forced expiration.