Aerial in A Sentence

    1

    A next door neighbor's car aerial, carefully folded, makes a ideal coat hanger in an emergency.

    2

    A noteworthy palm of the eastern Andean slopes is the "corneto" (Deckeria), whose tall, slender trunk starts from the apex of a number of aerial roots, rising like a cone 6 to 8 ft.

    3

    A, B, C, D, successive series of axes, the last bearing aerial culms. Much reduced.

    4

    Adaptations for aerial respiration are found in some of the landcrabs, where the lining membrane of the gill-chamber is beset with vascular papillae and acts as a lung.

    5

    Aerial and panoramic views of the Island are available too, all of which can be enlarged.

    6

    Aerial distribution from distributing poles is a method frequently adopted.

    7

    Aerial photography taken on 21 July revealed than an external lava dome was not visible at the bottom of the crater.

    8

    Aerial pictures, taken from space, show a landing strip, numerous buildings, and Groom Lake (see picture above).

    9

    Aerial posts are established with Paris, Warsaw, Berlin, Vienna and Budapest, in addition to which there exist also cross-country services.

    10

    Aerial Puppetry was developed during the years of 1994 - 99 by... blend of the arts of dance and puppetry.

    11

    Again, the practical engineers who are building aeroplanes, and those who are making practical tests by actual flight in those machines, cannot be called "researchers"; that term should be confined to the members, for example, of the scientific committee appointed by the British Government in 1909 to make investigations regarding aerial construction and navigation.

    12

    Alegría is a blend of astonishing acrobatics, awe-inspiring aerial acts, spectacular sets and eccentric characters with flamboyant costumes.

    13

    Also, tuck in wing mirrors and put the aerial down to discourage Vandals.

    14

    Also, tuck in wing mirrors and put the aerial down to discourage vandals.

    15

    An aerial platform was used to gain access to the top of the bagging plant stacks and the high level extraction ductwork.

    16

    An American cargo parachute along with his canvas aerial delivery package got caught in a tree.

    17

    As a rule the crests of the ranges are worn down by aerial denudation and have the general appearance of rounded domes.

    18

    As for Leeds, Smith was booked for nothing more than backing into Barton in an aerial duel.

    19

    As if the breathtaking aerial views were not enough, the highlight of your excursion will be the trip out onto the glacier aboard a real Alaskan dog sled.

    20

    As the aerial stem is traced down into the underground rhizome portion, these three mantles die out almost entirelythe central hydrom strand forming the bulk of the cylinder and its elements becoming mixed with thick-walled stereids; at the same time this central hydromstereom strand becomes three-lobed, with deep furrows between the lobes in which the few remaining leptoids run, separated from the central mass by a few starchy cells, the remains of the amylom sheath.

    21

    At the onset of sporulation large amounts of aerial hyphae are produced.

    22

    At the periphery of the lobes are some comparatively thin-walled living cells mixed with a few thin-walled hydroids, the remains of the thin-walled hydrom mantle of the aerial stem.

    23

    Because of the Ho Chi Minh Trail, Laos was subjected to saturation bombing by aerial raids launched from Thailand and from within Laos.

    24

    Big Fireworks offers repeaters, fountains, artillery shells, aerial assortments and much more under the stipulation that you spend at least $400.00 as a customer or $3,000 as a wholesaler.

    25

    Build a Gamebreaker by stringing together combos, and then get your teammates involved in a three-man aerial dunk assault.

    26

    But, if he have patience, he will see it mount aloft and there execute a series of aerial evolutions of an astounding kind.

    27

    By holding c c, Aerial screw centred at f.

    28

    Celebrity Detective - This site has a nice list of younger stars, from Jessica Simpson to Justin Timberlake, as well as aerial views of their homes.

    29

    Check out his records Breakfast in the Field and Aerial Boundaries to hear a master at work.

    30

    Classic aircraft such as the Spitfire will take to the air in a marvelous aerial ballet to music.

    31

    Clear stretched sprue formed the aerial from the fin to the post at the rear of the cockpit.

    32

    Connexion is made into the office (or to the underground system, as is often the case) from the aerial wire by means of a copper conductor, insulated with gutta-percha, which passes through a " leading in " cup, whereby leakage is prevented between the wire and the pole.

    33

    Currently, she is developing her cage harness suit for new Aerial and swinging trapeze.

    34

    Damon Way is the older brother of Danny Way, a professional skateboarder who has been acclaimed for his remarkably high aerial maneuvers.

    35

    Digital TV through an aerial To receive digital TV through an aerial To receive digital TV through an aerial you need a digital set-top box.

    36

    Each course is composed of a network of aerial rope bridges, tarzan rope swings, zip wires, swings and slides.

    37

    Fans of documentaries will love Hulu because the site has many including Air Force One, which gives you an inside look at the President's aerial office.

    38

    First as regards the transmitting part, one essential element is the antenna, aerial, or air wire, which may take a variety of forms. It may consist of a single plain or stranded copper wire upheld at the top by an insulator from a mast, chimney or building.

    39

    Fitted cupboard and shelves to chimney breast recesses, two radiators, picture rail, television aerial point.

    40

    For a detailed, geographically accurate map of the park, check out Google Maps which comes out as the winner when it comes to aerial views and stunning navigation.

    41

    For example leaping onto an aerial runway, riding a bike on parapet, balancing on a high beam.

    42

    For example, among the land vertebrates the feet (associated with the structure of the limbs and trunk) may take one of many lines of adaptation to different media or habitat, either aquatic, terrestrial, arboreal or aerial; while the teeth (associated with the structure of the skull and jaws) also may take one of many lines of adaptation to different kinds of food, whether herbivorous, insectivorous or carnivorous.

    43

    Forms adapted to terrestrial life and to aerial respiration occur in various divisions of Gastropods, and do not constitute a single homogeneous group. Thus the Helicinidae, which are terrestrial, are now placed among the Aspidobranchia.

    44

    Further on, the maritime heathland was alive with Arctic Terns, Great and Arctic Skuas, all engaged in dramatic aerial dogfights.

    45

    Get ready to take flight, as Superman Returns ' revolutionary new mechanics allow you to take full command of your aerial maneuvers.

    46

    Grows to form a fungus-like, branching mycelium with aerial hyphae bearing conidia.

    47

    He also recommends an elastic aerial screw consisting of two blades, which taper and become thinner towards the tips and FIG.

    48

    He did not obey the laws of I linear perspective as they are formulated in the Occident, nor did he show cast shadows, but his aerial perspective and his foreshortening left nothing to be desired.

    49

    He flipped a switch to display an aerial of the country club on one wall and Dusty's condo on another.

    50

    He has used all his acquired science of linear and aerial perspective to create an almost complete illusion to the eye, but an illusion that has in it nothing trivial, and in heightening our sense of the material reality of the scene only heightens its profound spiritual impressiveness and gravity.

    51

    He was interested in extending the parcel post, and worked for the promotion of aerial mail service.

    52

    He was out there with the crew helping to cut the aerial free as these steel hawsers whipped around the deck.

    53

    Helophytes.These are marsh plants which normally have ii, leir roots in soaking soil but whose branches and foliage are more less aerial.

    54

    Hemi-hydrophytes (swamp plants, marsh plants, &c.).Plants riose vegetative organs are partly submerged and partly aerial; lucheria terrestris, Philonotis fontana, Sca pan-ia undulata, Maria spp., Salvinia ivatans, Azolla spp., Equisetum limosum, Typha rgustifolia, Phragmites communis, Scirpus lacustris, Nymphaea tea, Oenanthe fistulosa, Bidens cernua.

    55

    Henson was one of the first to combine aerial screws with extensive supporting structures occupying a nearly horizontal position.

    56

    Hi All, Can anyone recommend a good aerial booster?

    57

    His arrangement of concave and plane mirrors, by which the realistic images of objects inside the house or in the street could be rendered visible though intangible, there alluded to, may apply to a camera on Cardan's principle or to a method of aerial projection by means of concave mirrors, which Bacon was quite familiar with, and indeed was known long before his time.

    58

    His new remote-controlled drone is equipped with a camera to capture stunning, aerial footage.

    59

    His theory is that in the early Cretaceous epoch the animals of the world were mostly aerial, amphibious, aquatic or arboreal; the flora of the land being undeveloped as compared with its present state.

    60

    How do I know if I can get DTT and do I need to upgrade my existing aerial?

    61

    I believe the transmitting aerial was fitted under the rear turret with a receiving aerial on each rear fin.

    62

    I try to do a lot of my own stunts, but I have an amazing stunt double, who does all the aerial flips for me.

    63

    I want to digress a moment to note that reports of strange aerial phenomena are not peculiar to the post WWII period.

    64

    If the wings were to strike backwards in aerial flight, the bird would turn a forward somersault.

    65

    If wheels do n't do it for you then why not try aerial trapeze.

    66

    If wheels don't do it for you then why not try aerial trapeze.

    67

    In 1960 I was appointed subcommittee chairman for the National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena.

    68

    In addition to flying fast, they are capable of impressive aerial acrobatics.

    69

    In aerial flying everything FIG.

    70

    In Cat harinea undulata the central h drom cylinder of the aerial stem is a loose tissue, its interstices being filled up with thin-walled, starchy parenchyma.

    71

    In correlation with their heavy build and the frequent loss of the power of flight, many beetles are terrestrial rather than aerial in habit, though a large proportion of the order can fly well.

    72

    In Dawsonia superba, a large New Zealand moss, the hydroids of the central cylinder of the aerial stem are mixed with thick-walled stereids forming a hydrom-stereom strand somewhat like that of the rhizome in other Polytrichaceae.

    73

    In many Calamites there is evidence that the aerial stem sprang from a horizontal rhizome, as in the common species C. (Stylocalamites) Suckowi; in other specimens the aerial stem has an independent, rooting base.

    74

    In mine there was a piece of stiff copper wire about 3 " long - the aerial.

    75

    In most species many of these buds, which alternate with the leaves, remain dormant, but in others the aerial shoots are copiously and repeatedly branched.

    76

    In other cases the branches grow upwards through the sheaths which they ultimately split from above, and emerging as aerial shoots give a tufted habit to the plant.

    77

    In regard to colour and design the Taj ranks first in the world for purely decorative workmanship; while the perfect symmetry of its exterior once seen can never be forgotten, nor the aerial grace of its domes, rising like marble bubbles into the azure sky.

    78

    In the 16th century a man widely known as Paracelsus proclaimed that the sylphs were small aerial beings that lived in a place called Fairyland.

    79

    In the aerial or overground system of land telegraphs the use of copper wire has become very general.

    80

    In the breeding-season, however, it is as noisy and conspicuous as its larger brethren while executing its aerial evolutions.

    81

    In the case of aquatic plants with aerial flowers, the latter obey the ordinary laws of pollination.

    82

    In the Coal Measures they commonly occur in the underclay beneath the coal-seams. Complete specimens of the stumps show that from the base of the aerial stem four Stigmarian branches were given off, which took a horizontal or obliquely descending course, forking at least twice.

    83

    In the former he developed a valuable method for the investigation of aerial waves within pipes, based on the fact that a finely divided powder - lycopodium, for example - when dusted over the interior of a tube in which is established a vibrating column of air, tends to collect in heaps at the nodes, the distance between which can thus be ascertained.

    84

    In the higher forms a storage and a mechanically-strengthening system may also be developed, and in some aerial Fungi an external protective tissue.

    85

    In the photograph, the stark silhouettes of the ragged tree stumps fade into the aerial perspective of the murky, undefined distance.

    86

    In the skysearching periscope the upper prism can be rotated by mechanism inside the periscope, so that aerial observations can be readily made before the submarine " breaks surface."

    87

    In the vast majority of cases the bacilli are in the lymphatic or the circulatory system, and aerial convection, even for a short distance, seems highly improbable.

    88

    In this digital age an aerial may be something of an anachronism but it still provides a strong visual mnemonic for TV.

    89

    It also offers aerial photographs of any location in Britain.

    90

    It has been maintained by some palaeobotanists that the aerial stems of Sigillaria arose as buds on a creeping rhizome, but the evidence for this conclusion is as yet unconvincing.

    91

    It has sometimes been claimed that Edison's proposed elevated plates anticipated the subsequent invention by Marconi of the aerial wire or antenna, but it is particularly to be noticed that Edison employed no spark gap or means for creating electrical high frequency oscillations in these wires.

    92

    It is an aerial nester, often utilizing cut stems of plants including bramble.

    93

    It is obvious that the aerial particles are illuminated not only by the direct solar rays, but also by light dispersed from other parts of the atmosphere and from the earth's surface.

    94

    It outlines important methods for determining the types, composition, aerial extent, and thickness of sediments on the bottom of Sebago Lake.

    95

    It's an attractive silver clamshell phone which is stylish (apart from the external aerial) but rather heavy.

    96

    Light railways and aerial cables among the mountains supplement these lines.

    97

    Made a new page for more recent views of Stewart Place, Catrine including an aerial shot before the current houses were built.

    98

    Maps will provide you with an aerial satellite photograph of the home along with the surrounding neighborhood.

    99

    Maxim, who began their aerial experiments about the same time (1888-18go).

    100

    Most of the aircraft lost on the Western Front on both sides were involved in aerial reconnaissance over enemy lines.

    101

    Most of these photos are taken from outside the front of the building, but there are also a couple of aerial shots.

    102

    Nature possesses three great educational or developmental schools - terrestrial, aquatic and aerial life.

    103

    New rhizomes are formed in late summer or autumn from older rhizomes or from the stem bases of aerial shoots.

    104

    No aerial acrobats, instead it bored down to the depths of the pool and made several runs up and down stream.

    105

    Now it is evident that the aerial motion in front of the lamina is determined by what happens at the lamina without regard to the cause of the motion there existing.

    106

    Of the many scientific problems of modern times, there are few possessing a wider or more enduring interest than that of aerial navigation (see also Aeronautics).

    107

    On the other hand, the aerial environment presents considerable danger to the young and tender parts, where the protoplasts are most exposed to extremes of heat, cold, wet, &c. These must in some way be harmonized.

    108

    On this report it may, therefore, be taken that aerial infection, except, perhaps, in pneumonic cases, may be excluded, and that the chief source of infection is the flea.

    109

    Open aerial longdistance lines have also been loaded, but not to the same extent.

    110

    Other highlights include a spectacular aerial bungee trapeze and back-flipping acrobats who balance head-to-head on top of each other while spinning plates on sticks.

    111

    Our losses were 23 aircraft lost in aerial combat, eighty lost in ditching.

    112

    Pettigrew, there is reason to believe, was the first to advocate the employment of elastic screws for aerial purposes.

    113

    Peucker, whose theoretical disquisitions on aerial perspective are of interest, but have not hitherto ' led to satisfactory practical results.'

    114

    Presumably an ordinary portable tv aerial would fare a little better, being bigger.

    115

    Presumably an ordinary portable TV aerial would fare a little better, being bigger.

    116

    Professional surfer Taj Burrow is known as the "aerial surfing master."

    117

    Protected between the cotyledons and terminating the axis of the plant is the first stem-bud (the plumule of the embryo), by the further growth and development of which the aerial portion of the plant, consisting of stem, leaves and branches, is formed, while the development of the radicle forms the root-system.

    118

    Rhizome buds may remain dormant or develop into aerial shoots or new rhizome buds may remain dormant or develop into aerial shoots or new rhizomes.

    119

    Rhizome buds may remain dormant or develop into aerial shoots or new rhizomes.

    120

    So perfectly does the modern Japanese embroiderer elaborate his scheme of values that all the essential elements of pictorial effects chiaroscuro, aerial perspective and atmosphere are present in his work.

    121

    So perfectly does the modern Japanese embroiderer elaborate his scheme of values that all the essential elements of pictorial effectschiaroscuro, aerial perspective and atmosphere are present in his work.

    122

    So some may assume such aircraft to be the tramp steamers of the skies, conjuring up a picture of old aerial rust buckets.

    123

    Some remote sensing methods that are used in combination with GIS are aerial videography and Thematic Mapper sensing.

    124

    Submerged leaves, or leaves which are developed under water, differ in structure from aerial leaves.

    125

    Taking the point of view of the signal, the aerial socket is connected to a tuner module.

    126

    Tele2's customers are connected by radio in effect, through a small roof mounted aerial, to a local transmitter.

    127

    That the wings invariably strike forwards during the down and up strokes in aerial flight is proved alike by observation and experiment.

    128

    The aerial leaf-bearing branches (culms) are a characteristic feature of grasses.

    129

    The aerial rootlets on the shoots will attach themselves to any available support, including trees.

    130

    The aerial view shows a likeness to a great cathedral.

    131

    The aerial views give you an idea of each buildings' layout, and you can easily see the size of each property as well as additions like guest houses and swimming pools.

    132

    The aerial walkway leads to the top of the seating area for the Edinburgh Military Tattoo on the castle esplanade.

    133

    The attack launched on a narrow frontage, followed an intense aerial bombardment by over 1000 bombers, many of which flew from England.

    134

    The British genera Spiranthes, Listera and Neottia are also included in this tribe, as is also Vanilla, the elongated stem of which climbs by means of tendril-like aerial roots - the long fleshy pod is the vanilla used for flavouring.

    135

    The clunky belt loop on the top of these phones houses the phone's aerial.

    136

    The difference between the gill-books of Limulus and the lung-books of Scorpio depends on the fact that the latter are adapted to aerial respiration, while the former serve for aquatic respiration.

    137

    The difference in size of the travelling organs of animals becomes very marked when the land animals are contrasted with the aquatic, and the aquatic with the aerial, as in figs.

    138

    The Falcon is a skilled aerial hunter, flying low over the tree tops to take their prey by surprise.

    139

    The gaps in the outer tubular stele, however, are formed by the departure of aerial branch-traces, instead of leaf-traces as in the ferns.

    140

    The harsher measures which about that time began to be adopted towards his co-religionists in France are usually assigned as the motive of this step. He now devoted himself during six years to the production of lenses of enormous focal distance, which, mounted on high poles, and connected with the eye-piece by means of a cord, formed what were called "aerial telescopes."

    141

    The hawk is aerial brother of the wave which he sails over and surveys, those his perfect air-inflated wings answering to the elemental unfledged pinions of the sea.

    142

    The Hexapoda, being aerial, terrestrial and fresh-water animals, are but occasionally preserved in stratified rocks, and our knowledge of extinct members of the class is therefore fragmentary, while the description, as insects, of various obscure fossils, which are perhaps not even Arthropods, has not tended to the advancement of this branch of zoology.

    143

    The image is an aerial shot that shows a young woman lying in a purple inner tube in a very blue swimming pool.

    144

    The larva may be aquatic, or subterranean, or a burrower in wood, while the imago is aerial.

    145

    The last two sources also provide aerial photography down to the street level for much of the UK.

    146

    The leaves form a radical rosette as in Primula (primrose, cowslip, &c.), or there is a well-developed aerial stem which is erect, as in species of Lysimachia, or creeping, as in Lysimachia Nummularia (creeping jenny or money-wort).

    147

    The order is, with few exceptions, terrestrial or aerial in habit.

    148

    The photo above shows an aerial view of the saw mill.

    149

    The photos available at Virtual Globetrotting are aerial views of celebrity homes taken from search engines like Bing and Google.

    150

    The portion of an anticline which has been removed by denudation is the "aerial arch," dotted in fig.

    151

    The potentialities of aerial warfare and the extreme vulnerability of non-combatants to its attacks tend to emphasize the urgency of agreements of this nature.

    152

    The Rainforest Tram The Rainforest Tram is an aerial tramway in the Costa Rican rainforest.

    153

    The RCAHMS aerial survey program has now undertaken some 1,100 sorties, producing over 100,000 images.

    154

    The Rebellion launched X-Wings against the Death Star in the original Star Wars movie, in aerial battles highly reminiscent of vintage World War II Battle of Britain footage.

    155

    The resulting aerial motion in front is readily calculated (see Rayleigh, Theory of Sound, § 278); it is symmetrical with respect to the origin, i.e.

    156

    The roots which arise from the base of the lateral buds remain undeveloped on the aerial stem.

    157

    The saucers simply collide into things like an aerial torpedo.

    158

    The simpler mycelia consist of hyphae all alike and thin-walled, or merely differing in the diameter of the branches of various orders, or in their relations to the environment, some plunging into the substratum like roots, others remaining on its surface, and others (aerial hyphae) rising into the air.

    159

    The squadron was however actively involved in the frantic aerial campaign to stem the german blitzkrieg during May 1940.

    160

    The stem in this family falls into two divisions, an underground portion bearing rhizoids and scales, the rhizome, and a leafy aerial stem forming its direct upward continuation.

    161

    The stems are frequently characterized by aeration channels, which connect the aerial parts with the parts which are buried in practically airless mud or silt.

    162

    The submerged leaves are long and grasslike, the floating leaves oblong or rounded, while the aerial leaves are borne on long, thin stalks above the water, and are often heartor arrow-shaped at the base.

    163

    The trailer of an articulated lorry snagged an aerial cable, which was attached to the pole that Tara was working on.

    164

    The,ideal surface of resolution may be there regarded as a flexible lamina; and we know that, if by forces locally applied every element of the lamina be made to move normally to itself exactly as the air at that place does, the external aerial motion is fully determined.

    165

    Their aerial flying displays they catch their insect prey on the wing are amazing to watch.

    166

    There is an aerial mast on top of the bunker.

    167

    There is no color TV although an aerial socket is provided.

    168

    These changes in the direction of the long axis of the bird in swimming, diving and flying, and in the direction of the stroke of the wings in sub-aquatic and aerial flight, are due to the fact that the bird is heavier than the air and lighter than the water.

    169

    These surfaces may be conferred on artificial wings, aeroplanes, aerial screws or similar structures; and these structures, if we may judge from what we find in nature, should be of moderate size and elastic. The power of the flying organs will be increased if they are driven at a comparatively high speed, and particularly if they are made to reverse and reciprocate, as in this case they will practically create the currents upon which they are destined to rise and advance.

    170

    They are generally perennial herbs with a creeping underground stem and erect, unbranched, aerial stems, bearing slender Juncus effusus, common rush.

    171

    They are grass-like herbs, sometimes annual, but more often persist by means of an underground stem from which spring erect solitary or clustered, generally three-sided aerial stems, with leaves in three rows.

    172

    They derive this moisture from the air by means of aerial roots, developed from the stem and bearing an outer spongy structure, or velamen, consisting of empty cells kept open by spiral thickenings in the wall; this sponge-like tissue absorbs dew and rain and condenses the moisture of the air and passes it on to the internal tissues.

    173

    They have appeared independently in connexion with a change in the excretion of nitrogenous waste in Arachnids, Crustacea, and the other classes of Arthropoda when aerial, as opposed to aquatic, respiration has been established - and they have been formed in some cases from the mesenteron, in other cases from the proctodaeum.

    174

    They were also able to deploy a remotely operated vehicle under the ice, and flew aerial photography transects using the ship 's helicopters.

    175

    This ability was perfect for escaping precarious situations and quickly gaining momentum for loop-the-loops and other aerial sections.

    176

    This elevated conductor is now called the antenna, aerial wire, or air wire.

    177

    This is one of the aerial photos taken in 1996.

    178

    This is the most usual fashion among the various groups of birds, including all the " aerial " forms excepting Passerinae, Macrochires and Picinae.

    179

    This may mean that you will require an aerial upgrade in order to receive them.

    180

    This site also provides aerial views of neighborhoods and may have a full picture of the exterior of the home if it was recently put on the real estate market.

    181

    This wide-spreading loess area, formed partly of wind-blown sand and partly of detritus from the mountains, is known as Chul, and merges into the great plains south of the Oxus river, a great part of which is covered with modern aerial deposits.

    182

    Top Up TV provides 10 of the most popular digital TV channels through your aerial.

    183

    Try touching the aerial onto the grid of the frequency changer on the affected band.

    184

    Tubers are also sometimes formed on aerial branches, as in some Aroids, Begonias, &c. The production of small green tubers on the haulm, in the axils of the leaves of the potato, is not very unfrequent, and affords an interesting proof of the true morphological nature of the underground shoots and tubers.

    185

    Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are effectively unmanned Aerial Vehicles are effectively unmanned planes, which are used in battle to take aerial photos and drop bombs on targets.

    186

    Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are effectively unmanned planes, which are used in battle to take aerial photos and drop bombs on targets.

    187

    Upgrade your aerial - For best results, you need a good quality rooftop aerial.

    188

    We do not provide any satellite or aerial imagery.

    189

    Whether the necessary forces are due to aerial pressures acting on the rear, or to forces directly impressed from without, is a matter of indifference.

    190

    While spending a lot of money on a spa vacation or aerial trip over the Grand Canyon are certainly events of a lifetime, most mothers are equally appreciative of gifts that are handmade or were designed just for them.

    191

    Windmill also enabled the scientists to determine the maximum depth at which they could use aerial thermography to detect springs.