The Umayyads, kinsmen of Uthman,
fled to the Levant, or remained in their houses, later refusing'Ali's legitimacy.
A'ishah, Talhah, Al-Zubayr and the Umayyads, especially Muawiyah I and Marwan I,
wanted'Ali to punish the rioters who had killed Uthman.
Its area has known many empires and dynasties, including ancient Berber Numidians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines,
Arab Umayyads, Berber Fatimids,
Berber Almoravids, Berber Almohads and later Turkish Ottomans.
The fall of the city and the death of Ibn al-Zubayr allowed the Umayyads under ʿAbdu l-Malik ibn Marwan to finally
reunite all the Islamic possessions and end the long civil war.
The Abbasids, like the Umayyads before them, realized this as a big threat to their own caliphate,
since the Shias saw them as usurpers of al-Ma'mun which was far from the sacred status of their Imams.
The structure was severely damaged by fire on 3 Rabi I(Sunday, 31 October 683 CE),
during the first siege of Mecca in the war between the Umayyads and Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr,
an early Muslim who ruled Mecca for many years between the death of ʿAli and the consolidation of Umayyad power.