Sometimes they use Nichrome wire, reeling it several times.
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Most common toasters use Nichrome wire wrapped back and forth
across a mica sheet to create the infrared radiation.
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An alloy of nickel and chromium, Nichrome wire has a fairly high electrical resistance
and does not oxidize when heated.
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A simple toaster
will have two mica sheets wrapped in Nichrome wire spaced to form a slot about an inch wide.
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Nichrome wire is used because of its ability to withstand
the high temperatures that occur when a clay work is fired in a kiln.
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Unlike traditional heating elements that use a resistance wire such as Nichrome to generate heat,
PTC heating elements are made as ceramic stones, ase on barium titanate.
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Nichrome wire is commonly used in ceramics as an internal support structure to help some elements of clay sculptures hold their shape while
they are still soft.