Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 469,000 within the 1939 borders,
including 325,000 in Bessarabia and Bukovina.
By means of the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union,
Romania recovered Bessarabia and northern Bukovina from Soviet Russia, under the leadership of general Ion Antonescu.
In 1775, the Austrian empire occupied the north-western part of Moldavia,
later called Bukovina, while the eastern half of the principality(called Bessarabia)
was occupied in 1812 by Russia.