Nucleation and Crystal Growth.
Nucleation points are shown by arrows.
Ultrasound initiates and promotes the Nucleation and crystallization of organic molecules.
To initiate Nucleation, the solutes in an oversaturated solution accumulate forming clusters.
The crystallization process consists in two major stages: the Nucleation and the crystal growth.
In these cases Nucleation is difficult to separate from precipitation of an amorphous solid.
Thereby, seeding points and Nucleation are initiated at a high rate and at the earliest time.
The crystallization and
precipitation process is determined by two major steps, the Nucleation and the crystal growth.
The result is that in general, Nucleation occurs randomly, so that the quality of the resulting crystals(precipitants) is uncontrolled.
Whilst poor Nucleation creates a lower number of large crystals,
efficient Nucleation forms a large amount of small fine-size crystals.
Sonication increases the Nucleation of ice crystals
and provides thereby a faster freezing and control over the ice crystal size.
Ultrasonic dispersing promotes the mass transfer between phases and initiates the Nucleation and crystal growth for phosphates(e.g., struvite/ MAP).
Continuous ultrasonic treatment of the solution produces many Nucleation sites, so that a large number of small crystals are created.
In the acoustic field,
it becomes even possible to initiate the Nucleation of sugars that are normally averse from crystallizing(e.g. D-fructose, sorbitol).
The release of heat is triggered by flexing a small metal disk in the hand warmer,
which generates Nucleation centers that initiate crystallisation.
This Nucleation occurs when a silver ion complex,
usually AgNO3 or AgClO4, is reduced to colloidal silver in the presence of a reducing agent.
Semi-Graphite Petroleum Coke could promote the Nucleation of the graphite in liquid iron,
increase the amount of spheroidal graphite, and improve the structure and the grade of grey iron.
A similar thing occurs in planes,
but thanks to significantly more water vapor, a lot of Nucleation sites being expelled, and often
all occurring in more extreme temperatures, the contrails may last for many hours.
Chakravarty has been working in the following fields- Theoretical chemistry and chemical physics Classical and quantum Monte Carlo Molecular dynamics Structure and Dynamics of Liquids Water and
hydration Nucleation Self-assembly Chakravarty was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
They have come up with potential ways to reconcile the theory with reality, but until now those ideas have been tested only at a relatively large scale, for instance with protein molecules,
rather than at the atomic scale where Nucleation begins.
(3) in the case of sorbitol, when the amount of nucleating agent exceeds 0.3%, the effect of transparency improvement is not obvious, and even decreases. However,
when the dosage is less than 0.2%, the Nucleation quantity is insufficient and the transparency is not increased enough.