ctbs in A Sentence

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    An additional consideration when performing Ctbs is how to implement an appropriate control condition.

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    If the participant is in the sham group, apply Ctbs at only 10% of the maximal stimulation output.

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    As was done here, Ctbs may be contrasted with a sham condition(i.e., pointing the coil away to avoid actual brain stimulation, or lowering the intensity far below threshold).

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    However, as it is conceivable that the Ctbs of any region might induce changes in behavior, a common and arguably best practice is to introduce a condition wherein stimulation is delivered to a region thought to be unrelated to the task.

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    Remarkably, exploratory tests revealed that the effects of Ctbs were equivalent with respect to both the ratings of the immigrants' personal qualities and the endorsement of their harshly critical arguments, attesting to an effect of the Ctbs manipulation on the intensity of the participants' ideological investment in nationalistic values, rather than an effect limited to interpersonal amity(see Figure 1).

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