craniofacial in A Sentence

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    Special issues of diagnosis and treatment in otolaryngology, Craniofacial area and the vision, March 11-12, 2019.

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    Other syndromes with Microtia can also affect the kidneys, the heart, the eyes, the Craniofacial bones, and the skeletal system.

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    The children also may need medical attention to improve hearing, as problems with middle ear bones often come with other Craniofacial defects.

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    Craniofacial abnormalities, in particular morphological changes in the teeth, can be caused by chromosomal aberrations, gene mutation, as well as joint actions of many genes and environmental factors.

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    Of all Craniofacial defects, 25% are attributed(at least partially) to environmental factors such as smoking, heavy alcohol or drug use, toxic metals and maternal infection(such as salmonella or rubella) during pregnancy.

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    To reduce both the severity and incidence of Craniofacial defects, researchers use animal model systems- particularly mouse, chicken, frog and zebrafish embryos- to try and uncover the reasons why these defects occur.

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    As most of the genes that control Craniofacial development in animals also do so in humans, using these animal models helps us better understand human palate development and how specific genes are involved.

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    But one of the most common Craniofacial defects are palatal clefts, where the hard palate does not fuse correctly, leaving children(roughly 1 in 700 worldwide) with a large gap between their nasal passages and mouth.

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    Of course, given the incredible complexity and synchronicity required for all these cells and tissues to end up in the correct space, it is perhaps very surprising that things do not go wrong in Craniofacial development more often than they do.

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    Through greater understanding of the genetic processes that drive facial growth, further beneficial factors will be identified that can be safely given to pregnant mothers, and give a far better start to life to children that may otherwise be born with a Craniofacial disorder.

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