Covariance and contravariance is supported by both languages.
The COVAR() function calculates the Covariance of two cell ranges.
Note: If ARMA process is(Covariance) stationary,
then all AR roots should lie inside the unit circle.
Note that if two
states are totally independent of each other, then their Covariance is zero.
Finding that two stocks have a high or low Covariance might not be a useful metric on its own.
One-way analysis of variance, two-way analysis
of variance with and without replication; analysis of Covariance; multiple comparison procedures; non-parametric statistical methods;
For about 10 years we have run an eddy Covariance station measuring exchange of CO2 and CH4 with the atmosphere.
Uses of CovarianceFinding that two stocks have a high or low Covariance might not be a useful metric on its own.
Calculating a stock's Covariance starts with finding a list of previous prices
or"historical prices" as they are called on most quote pages.
Covariance can tell how the stocks move together,
but to determine the strength of the relationship, we need to look at their correlation.
The Covariance of these equations means that the speed of light has
to be the same constant when measured in any inertial frame.
Covariance can tell in what way the stocks move together,
yet to establish the strength of the relationship, we must look at their correlation.
In short, Covariance tells you that two variables change the same way
while correlation reveals how a change in one variable effect a change in the other.