The Irish revolutionary George Freeman of the NYC-based Gaelic American newspaper was looked upon as the real leader
of the anti-British movement, closely connected with two Indians, Samuel L. Joshi and Barakatullah.
Nominally led by the exiled Indian prince Raja Mahendra Pratap, it had among its members the
Islamic scholar Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah, and the German officers Werner Otto von Hentig
and Oskar Niedermayer, as well as a number of other notable individuals.