astrocytes in A Sentence

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    Thus the Astrocytes provide the linkage between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid.

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    Alberini is focusing on the interaction between neurons and Astrocytes in memory formation.

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    Shastri and his co-workers have found that Astrocytes provide a nanoscale physical environment that neurons need to function well.

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    Studies on neuron cultures from rodent central nervous systems have shown that neurons depend upon Astrocytes for their supply of cholesterol[40].

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    Three principle types of glial cells will play a role in our later discussion: the microglia, the Astrocytes, and the oligodendrocytes.

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    I suspect, in fact, that Astrocytes only produce a private supply when the external supply is insufficient, and they do so reluctantly.

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    However, our research discovered that Astrocytes that are triggered by injury actually turn off novel neuroprotective signals that prevent optic nerve damage.".

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    An astrocyte needs a significant energy source to synthesize fats and cholesterol, and this energy is usually supplied by glucose from the blood stream.

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    Only selected cell types can synthesize it, the two most significant of which for our purposes are the liver and the Astrocytes in the brain.

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    Specifically, we will examine the expression of miRNAs in normal and glaucomatous ONH Astrocytes and lamina cribrosa cells to determine which miRNAs are associated with glaucoma.

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    The brain works best when the constituent fats are long, and, indeed, the Astrocytes are able to take in short chain fats and reorganize them to make longer chain fats[24].

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    12

    IDL(as well as LDL) in the blood delivers fats and cholesterol to the Astrocytes in the brain, and the Astrocytes can thus use this external source instead of having to produce these nutrients themselves.

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    So an astrocyte trying to synthesize a lipid has to be very careful to keep oxygen out, yet oxygen is needed for efficient metabolism of glucose, which will provide both the fuel(ATP) and the raw materials(acetyl-Coenzyme A) for fat and cholesterol synthesis.

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    14

    Specifically, researchers found that Astrocytes, which help maintain brain function and form the nerve fiber layer of the retina and optic nerve, release therapeutic biological agents known as lipoxins A4 and B4, but only when the Astrocytes are at rest and maintaining nerve function.

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    This is a strong indicator that the benefit may have to do with an increase in uptake by the astrocyte of these high-quality fats, something that the subjects with the apoE-4 allele are unable to accomplish due to the defective IDL and LDL transport mechanisms.

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    The end product of this anaerobic step is a substance called pyruvate, which could be further broken down to yield a lot more energy, but this process is not accessible to all cells, and it turns out that the Astrocytes need help for this to happen, which is where amyloid-beta comes in.

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